【走向高考】2017年高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 专题突破解题策略2 阅读理解之细节理

路漫漫其修远兮吾将上下而求索走向高考·英语人教版·高考总复习专题突破解题策略(二)必修一第一部分基础知识聚焦高考中细节理解题通常占阅读理解题总数的一半以上。2015年新课标全国卷考区及其他各考区的高考试题中考查细节理解的题目占阅读理解题目总数的55%左右。细节理解题主要考查考生对文章细节的理解，一般对文中已提到的事物、现象或理论进行发问，通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查考生对语篇的理解能力。阅读理解之细节理解题1.利用“跳读法”和“定位法”做细节题目，无需通篇细看全文，应带着问题找答案，通过跳读迅速定位与题目相关的信息，然后对选项与原文进行信息加工比对，准确确定答案。[典例1](2015·全国Ⅱ高考A)Mycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache.IwasabletobuyitalittleoverayearagobecauseIhadmyrelativesgivememoneyformybirthdayinsteadofclothesthatwouldn'tfit.Iletasalesclerkfoolmeintobuyingadiscontinuedmodel.Irealizedthisadaylater,whenIsawnewspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventyfivedollarslessthanIhadpaid.ThesetworkedsobeautifulwhenIfirstgotithomethatIwouldkeepitonuntilstationssignedoffforthenight.Fortunately,Ididn'tgetanychannelsshowingallnightmoviesorIwouldneverhavegottentobed....Whenneitherofthesemethodsremovedthestaticnoise,Iwouldsithelplesslyandwaitforthenoisetogoaway.AtlastIendeduphittingthesetwithmyfist,anditstoppedworkingaltogether.Mytriptotherepairshopcostme$62,andthesetisworkingwellnow,butIkeepexpectingmoretrouble.21．WhydidtheauthorsayhewasfooledintobuyingtheTVset?A．Hegotanoldermodelthanhehadexpected.B．Hecouldn'treturnitwhenitwasbroken.C．Hecouldhaveboughtitatalowerprice.D．Hefailedtofindanymovieshowsonit.[解析]C细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“whenIsawnewspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventyfivedollarslessthanIhadpaid.”当我看到报纸上75美元比我买的价格低的时候，我感觉我上当了。故选C。23．HowdidtheauthorfinallygetthisTVsetworkingagain?A．Byshakingandhittingit.B．Byturningitonandoff.C．Byswitchingchannels.D．Byhavingitrepaired.[解析]D细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的Mytriptotherepairshopcostme$62，可知作者由于用拳头砸电视，导致电视没了噪音，也什么都不出了。最后只好自己花钱去修理店修电视机，共花了62美元，故选D。2．利用“选项对比法”此法一般用来解决信息排序题，即：四个选项中可以先用排除法确定第一个，缩小选择范围，然后根据另一个事件确定答案，这一方法可以先分析选项，将选项分组逐一比对来确定或排除选项。[典例2](2014·四川高考C)...Izzy，nine，restartedfatherColm'sheartbystamping(踩)onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.Izzy'smother，Debbie，immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather，sodecidedtouseCPR....Izzy，whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool，said：“Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasn'tstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse.MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.”[解析]C根据选项可把A、C、B、D分组对比确定③④哪一事件在前，根据文中内容可知③在前，故可排除B、D两项，然后比对A、C中④与①的发生先后，可确定答案是C项。40．What'stherightorderoftheevents?①IzzykickedColm.②Debbiecalled999.③IzzylearnedCPR.④Colm'sheartstopped.A．③①②④B．④②③①C．③④②①D．④③①②3．利用加减乘除法此法来解决数学计算类题目，做此类题要审清题目，弄清问题，比对原文中的数字和单位，不要忽略任何信息，一般再通过简单的加减乘除便可知答案。[典例3](2015·四川高考C)AcrossBritain,burnttoastwillbeservedtomothersinbedthismorningasoldersonsanddaughtersrushtodelivertheirsupermarketbunchesofflowers.But,accordingtoanewstudy,weshouldbeplacingahighervalueonmotherhoodallyear.Mothershavelongknownthattheirhomeworkloadwasjustasheavyaspaidwork.Now,thenewstudyhasshownthatiftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours,theywouldearnasmuchas$172,000ayear.Thestudylookedattherangeofjobsmothersdo,aswellasthehourstheyareworking,todeterminethefigure.Thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome￡30,000morethanthePrimeMinisterearns.38．HowmuchwouldamotherearnayearifworkingasthePrimeMinister?A．￡30,000.B．￡142,000.C．￡172,000.D．￡202,000.[解析]B根据文章的theywouldearnasmuchas$172,000ayear.以及Thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome￡30,000morethanthePrimeMinisterearns.可知，总理的工资是172000－30000＝142000。故选择B。[典例4](2015·广东高考A)Peterlovedtoshopusedarticles.Almostamonthago,heboughtapopularwordgamethatusedlittlepiecesofwoodwithdifferentlettersonthem.Ashewaspurchasingit,thesalesgirlsaid,“Uh,look,thegameboxhaven'tevenbeenopenedyet.Thatmightbeworthsomemoney.”Peterexaminedthebox,and,sureenough,itwascompletelycoveredinfactorysealedplastic.Andhesawadateof1973onthebackofthebox....“Hello.Doyoustillremembertheunopenedwordgame？”Thesalesgirllookedathimforasecond,thenrecognizedhimandsaid,“Oh,hi！”“I'vegotsomethingforyou，”Petersaid.“Isoldthegameandmade$1,000.Thankyouforyoursuggestion.”Hehandedherthree$100bills.“Wow！”thesalesgirlcriedout.“Thankyou,Ineverexpectedit.”29.Whathappenedattheendofthestory?A.Petergavethegirl$300asareward.B.ThesalesgirlbecamePeter'sfriend.C.Peterreturnedthewordgamefor$1,000.D.ThesalesgirlfeltconfusedtoseePeteragain.[解析]A本文叙述了Peter在听从了一位女销售员的建议，买了一个旧的游戏盒子，并到网上拍卖。结果他挣了1000美元。为了感激这位女销售员，他给了她300美元作为回报。根据Petersaid，“Isoldthegameandmade$1000.Thankyouforyoursuggestion，”Hehandedherthree$100bills.可知Bill感谢这位女销售员的建议，给了她300美元作为回报。故选A。4．利用“排除法”此法用来解决正误判断题，这类题型相对信息量大，误导性强，考查学生分析问题的能力更为突出，在排除选项时一定做到准确无误。仔细揣摩文中信息与选项信息的吻合性。[典例5](2015·浙江高考A)...Duringthespringshereallyastonishedme.Oneday,shewasreadingatherdesk.FromaglimpseoftheillustrationsIthoughtIknewwhatthebookwas.Isaidtomyself,“Itcan'tbe，”andwenttotakeacloserlook.Sureenough,shewasreadingMobyDick,ineditionwithwoodcuts.Isaid,“Don'tyoufindpartsofitratherheavygoing？”Sheanswered,“Oh,sure,butIjustskipoverthosepartsandgoontothenextgoodpart.”...44．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthegirlisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Sheskippedoverthoseeasypartswhilereading.B．Shehadahardtimefinishingtherequiredreadingtasks.C．Shelearnedtoappreciatesomepartsofthedifficultbooks.D．Shet