高考英语考点精析复习讲义-阅读理解细节事实

第1页共21页命题点1细节事实本类考题解答锦囊细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。这种题属于中档层次题。在历年高考题中占大多数。细节事实类题型多种多样，但有一些常见的方式：1．Whichofthefollowingistrue／false／mentioned?2．Whatdoesthewriteriterpayleastattentionto?3．Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage．4．A1lthefollowingstatementsarenottrue(true)except________5．Whichofthefollowinggmaps／diagramsgivestherightpositionof．．．?一篇文章有了它所涉及的中心思想，即话题，确定了要表达的中心思想，还必须通过许多细节的信息来进一步解释或表达主题体现中心思想，因此细节是一篇文章的大部分篇幅，也是考生阅读过程中需要理解的主要内容，在阅读测试中，这类试题占大部分。解题步骤：1．通读全文，即以最快速度读完全文。目的让考生对文章内容结构有一个总体了解。2．读题干，弄懂其含义。3．带着题干问题重读文章。用查读法(scannin8)，快速扫描文章，查找与设问内容相关的词语或句子，借助于同义词或同义结构；当题目涉及到时间、距离，以及其他用数字表示的细节时，有时需要计算才能得出答案。Ⅰ高考最新热门题1.(典型例题卷)HelpWantedHelpWantedPNINTERmusthaveatleast3yearspaintingexperience,Commercialanenewconstructionwork.$10/hr.Immediateopening.Call43592典型例题history.SECRETARYPart-timepositionavailableinfriendly,busyoffice.Goodtypingandgeneralofficeskills.Someweekendsrequired.Highpay.Variousduties.Apply(申请)atEastHelpWantedHelpWantedSideManagement,500ParkDrive,DeWitt,NY,13214.VETERINARIANASSISTANT(兽医助理)Personneededforbusyanimalhospital.Somenightsandweekends.SpplyinpersontoJohnson-MarksAnimalHospital,4典型例题Road,Syracuse,NY.13224.After4p.m.onlyplease.NURSES’ASSISTANTSFull-timeandpart-timepositionsavailableformodernnuisringhome.Highpay.CallMrs.Downes,R.N.at5347618.COOKNEEDEDimmediately.Busydowntownrestaurant.Mustbegoodanddependable.Experiencepreferred.Weekendsrequired.Call324-9817.HelpWantedHelpWantedSALESPERSONExperienced.MusthavesomeKnowledgeofmen’sclothingindustry.HOTELneedspart-timeFRONTDESKCLERK.Noexperi8encenecessary.Excellentpeopleand第2页共21页AvailabletowordeveningsandsomeSaturdays.Sendresume(个人简历)to:Martin’sApparel.237RockledgeSt.Syracuse,NY13224.TEACHERsmallprivateschoolneedsEnglishandmathteachers.MusthaveBSdegreeandatleast4yearsteachingexperience.Sendresumeto:WalesCharterSchool19South8thSt,NY13214.phongskillsamust.Somecomputerskillshelpful.$13/hr.Call:Mr.Jones357-2897.1.lfyouareinterestedinworkinginahotel,call_______.A.43592典型例题B.534--7618C.3249817D.357--28972.Ifyouwanttogetajobasamathteacher,sendyourresumeto_______.A.237RockledgeSt.,Syracuse,NY.13224B.4典型例题Road,Syracuse,NY.13224C.500ParkDrive,Dewitt,NY.13214D.19south8thSt.NY.1321.13.IfyoudislikeworkingonSundays,beinga_______shouldbeyourbestchoice.A.cookB.secretaryC.salespersonD.veterinarianassistant4.Ifyouwanttogetajobat_______,youmusthaveofficeskills.A.Martin'sApparelB.EastSideManagementC.WalesCharterSchoolJohnson--MarksAnimalHosptal命题目的与解题技巧：这是一则广告题。目的是考查生是否看懂招聘广告。解答这类题的技巧在于：首先看请题干，带着问题从原文搜索答案。属于细节题中的直接理解题，只要把问题与原文挂购即可较容易地得到答案。【解析】本文属广告类题材，文字难度适中。但需注意的是，广告类文章尤其是招聘类广告，其语句经常缺少成分。不过问题设计比较简单，可以从文中直接找到答案。【答案】1．D．细节题，最后一则广告是招聘旅馆前台接待员，电话是357—2897．2．D.细节题。第七则广告是一所私立学校招聘教师。据此可以选出答案。3．C.细节题。从选项中排除：招聘秘书、厨师和兽医助理的广告片要求在周末工作，只有销售人员要求晚上工作。4．B.细节题。在招聘秘书的广告中要求有办公技能，且投递申请要在EastSldeManagement。故选答案B。2.(典型例题卷)Childrenhavetheirownrulesinplayinggames.Theyseldomneedareferee(裁判)andrarelytroubletokeepscores.Theydon'tcaremuchaboutwhowinsor'loses,anditdoesn'tseemtoworrythemifthegameisnotfinished.Yet,theylikegamesthatdependalotonluck,sothattheirpersonalabilitiescannotbedirectlycompared.~Theyalsoenjoygamesthatmoveinstages,inwhicheachstage,thechoosingofleaders,thepicking-upofsides,orthedeterminingofwhichsideshallstart,isalmostagameinitself.第3页共21页Grown-upscanhardlyfindchildren'sgamesexciting,andtheyoftenfeelpuzzledatwhytheirkidsplaysuchsimplegamesagainandagain.However,itisfoundthatachildplaysgamesforveryimportantreasons.Hecanbeagoodplayerwithouthavingtothinkwhetherheisapopularperson,andhecanfindhimselfbeingausefulpartnertosome-oneofwhomheisordinarilyafraid.Hebecomesaleaderwhenitcomestohisturn.Hecanbeconfident,too,inpar-ticulargamesthatitishisplacetogiveorders,topretendtobedead,tothrowab典型例题uallyatsomeone,ortokisssome-onehehascaught.ItappearstousthatwhenchildrenplayagametheyimagineasituationundertheircontrokEveryoneknowstherules,andmoreimportantly,everyoneplaysaccordingtotherules.Thoserulesmaybechildish,buttheymakesurethateverychildhasachancetowin.1.Whatistrueaboutchildrenwhentheyplaygames?A.Theycanstopplayinganytimetheylike.B.Theycantesttheirpersonalabilities.C.Theywanttopickabetterteam.D.Theydon'tneedrules.2.Tobecomealeaderinagame,thechildhasto_______.A.playwellB.waitforhisturnC.beconfidentinhimselfD.bepopularamonghisplaymates3.Whatdoweknowaboutgrown-ups?A.Theyarenotinterestedingames.B.Theyfindchildren'sgamestooeasy.C.Theydon'tneedareasontoplaygames.D.Theydon'tunderstandchildren'sgames.4.Whydoesachildlikeplayinggames?A.Becausehecanbesomeoneotherthanhimself.B.Becausehecanbecomepopularamongfriends.C.Becausehefindsheisalwaysluckyingames.D.Becausehelikestheplacewhereheplaysagame.5.Thewriterbelievesthat_______.A.childrenshouldmakebetterrulesfortheirgamesB.childrenshouldinvitegrown-upstoplaywiththemC.children'sgamescandothemalotofgoodD.childrenplaygameswithoutreasons【解析】本文介绍了孩子们的不同于成人世界的游戏规则：简单而公平；而成人却对此迷惑不解。【答案】1．A这是一道细节题