语法：关系代词

(关系代词之基本用法)英翻六班闫岩2015213379relativepronouns(关系代词)antecedent（先行词）从句成分eg.whosb.主语宾语1.ThemanwhoImettodaytoldmetocomeback.Thereporterwhoistalkingtotheworkerisfamous.whomsb.宾语ThegirlwhomImetlookslikeLily.thatsb./sth.主语宾语1.SheisthepersonthatIwanttosee.Theboythathasjustlefthereismybrother.whichsth.主语宾语1.ThisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyHemingway.Thepenwhichyoulentmeislost.whosesb./sth.定语Theroomwhosewindowisredismine.ThisisthescientistwhosenameisJohnNash.Summary:theuseoftherelativepronoun.成分先行词指人先行词指物主语Doyouknowtheman___________cametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?Icouldn’tfindthebook___________wasboughtyesterday.宾语Heisaman_______________________weshouldalllearnfrom.Thetable_______________youjustsawismadeofplastics.定语Doyouknowtheboy__________parentsareonholiday?I’veneverbeentotheroom____________windowsarebroken.who/thatwhich/thatwho/that/whomwhich/thatwhosewhose/Ø/Ø(怎样判断用什么关系代词)口诀:1前看先行词,辩清人或物后看从句里,有无主宾语Let'sdosomeexercise!1.Thegirl____________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_________________ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl________motherisateachercanspeakEnglishverywell.4.Ican’tfindthebook____________isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Ican’tfindthebook________________youlenttome.who/thatwho/whom/that/Øwhosewhich/thatthat/which/Ø1)Whentheantecedentisall,anything,everything,nothing,little,much,therelativepronounshoulduse'that':eg.Therewaslittlethatinterestedhimatthemotorshow.Muchthathasbeensaidtodaywillsoonbeforgotten.Allthatglittersisnotgold.2)Whentheantecedentismodifiedbythemostadvancedadjectiveorordinalnumber,oroneoffirst,last,next,only,very,therelativepronounisused'that':(当先行词被最高级形容词或序数词或first,last,next,only,very之一修饰时，关系代词用that)eg.•Thisisthemostexpensivehotelthatwe’veeverstayedin.•ThisisthethirdtimethatthetrainhasbeenderailedbytheOpposition.•ThisistheverybookthatIhavebeenlookingfor.3)Whentheantecedentisbothhumanandobject,therelativepronounshoulduse'that'eg.Wearetalkingoftheheroinesandtheirdeedsthatinterestedthem.4)Whenthemainclauseisintroducedby“who/which”therelativepronounshoulduse'that'Whoisthepersonthatisscreamingoverthere?Whichisthebookthatyouborrowedfromthelibrary?Using'which'insteadof'that'1）当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用whicheg.Hispencil-case,whichIboughtlastweek,ismissing.2）关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whicheg.Thetreeunderwhichweusedtotakearesthasbeencutdown.3）先行词本身就是that时eg.Idon’tlikethatwhichhedid.