桥式起重机毕业设计论文

2011届机械设计制造及其自动化专业毕业设计DQ型吊钩桥式起重机三维结构设计摘要随着我国制造业的发展，桥式起重机越来越多的应用到工业生产当中。在工厂中搬运重物，机床上下件，装运工作吊装零部件，流水线上的定点工作等都要用到起重机。起重机中种数量最多，在大小工厂之中均有应用的就是小吨位的起重机，小吨位的桥式起重机广泛的用于轻量工件的吊运，在我国机械工业中占有十分重要的地位。但是，我国现在应用的各大起重机还是仿造国外落后技术制造出来的，而且已经在工厂内应用了多年，有些甚至还是七八十年代的产品，无论在质量上还是在功能上都满足不了日益增长的工业需求。如何设计使其成本最低化，布置合理化，功能现代化是我们研究的课题。本次设计就是对小吨位的桥式起重机进行设计，主要设计内容是QD型吊钩桥式起重机的三维造型结构设计，其中包括桥架结构的布置计算及校核，主梁结构的计算及校核，端梁结构的计算及校核，主端梁连接以及大车运行机构零部件的选择及校核。关键词：起重机；大车运行机构；桥架；主端梁；小吨位2011届机械设计制造及其自动化专业毕业设计ABSTRACTAsChina'smanufacturingindustry,moreandmoreapplicationscranetowhichindustrialproduction.Carryaheavyloadinthefactory,machinepartsupanddown,theworkofliftingpartsofshipment,assemblylineworkshouldbefixedonthecraneisused.Thelargestnumberofspeciesofcranes,bothinthesizeofthefactoryintotheapplicationissmalltonnagecranes,bridgecranessmalltonnageoflightweightpartsforawiderangeoflifting,inChina'smachineryindustryplaysaveryimportantposition.However,ourcurrentapplication,orcopylargecranebehindthetechnologyproducedabroad,andhasbeenappliedinthefactoryformanyyears,andsome70to80yearsofproducts,bothinqualityorfunctionalityarenotgrowingtomeettheindustrialdemand.Howtodesignitthelowestcost,rationalizethelayout,functionmodernizationisthesubjectofourstudy.Thisdesignisforsmalltonnagebridgecranedesign,themaindesignelementsareQDcranestructureandoperationofinstitutions,includingthebridgestructure,calculationandcheckingthelayout,themainbeamstructurecalculationandchecking,endbeamscalculationandchecking,themainendbeamconnectandrunthecartandcheckingbodypartsofchoice.Keywords:Crane；Themovingmainframe；Bridge；Mainbeamandendbeam；Smalltonnage2011届机械设计制造及其自动化专业毕业设计目录1绪论···································································11.1桥式起重机的介绍··················································11.2桥式起重机设计的总体方案··········································31.2.1主梁和桥架的设计··············································41.2.2端梁的设计····················································42大车运行机构的设计······················································42.1设计的基本原则和要求···············································42.1.1机构传动方案··················································42.1.2大车运行机构具体布置的主要问题································52.2大车运行机构的计算················································52.2.1确定机构传动方案··············································52.2.2大车车轮与轨道的选择及其强度校核······························62.2.3运行阻力运算··················································82.2.4选择电动机····················································82.2.5验算电动机的发热条件··········································92.2.6减速器的选择··················································92.2.7验算运行速度和实际所需功率···································92.2.8验算起动时间·················································102.2.9起动工况下校核减速器功率·····································112.2.10验算启动不打滑条件··········································112.2.11选择制动器··················································132.2.12选择联轴器··················································132.2.13浮动轴的验算················································142.2.14缓冲器的选择················································163桥架结构的计算························································173.1主要尺寸的确定···················································173.1.1大车轮距·····················································173.1.2主梁高度·····················································173.1.3端梁高度·····················································173.1.4桥架端部梯形高度·············································173.1.5主梁腹板高度·················································173.1.6确定主梁截面尺寸·············································172011届机械设计制造及其自动化专业毕业设计3.1.7加劲板的布置尺寸·············································183.2主梁的计算·······················································193.2.1计算载荷确定·················································193.2.2主梁垂直最大弯矩·············································193.2.3主梁水平最大弯矩·············································193.2.4主梁的强度验算···············································203.2.5主梁的垂直刚度验算···········································223.2.6主梁的水平刚度验算···········································223.3端梁的计算·······················································233.3.1计算载荷的确定···············································233.3.2端梁垂直最大弯矩·············································233.3.3梁的水平弯矩·················································233.3.4端梁截面尺寸的确定···········································243.3.5端梁的强度验算···············································243.4主要焊缝的计算···················································243.4.1端梁端部上翼缘焊缝···········································243.4.2端梁端部下翼缘焊缝···········································273.4.3主梁与端梁的连接焊缝·········································273.4.4主梁上盖板焊缝···············································274基于软件PRO/ENGINEER的三维造型结构设计·······························284.1三维软件PROE的简介···············································284.2三维制图的简要过程···············································284.2.1大车结构的三维设计···········································284.2.2小车结