考研英语模拟题(一)及答案

SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Inthepastfewdecades,remarkablefindingshavebeenmadeinethology,thestudyofanimalsocialbehavior.Earlierscientistshad1thatnonhumansociallifewasalmosttotallyinstinctiveorfixedbygenetics.Muchmorecarefulobservationhasshownthat2variationoccursamongthesocialtiesofmostspecies,showingthatlearningisapartofsociallife.Thatis,the3arenotsolelyfixedbythegenes.4，thelearningthatoccursisoftenatanearlyageinaprocessthatiscalledimprinting.Imprintingisclearly5instinctive,butitisnotquitelikethelearningofhumans;itissomethinginbetweenthetwo.Anillustrationbest6thenatureofimprinting.Once,biologiststhoughtthatducklingsfollowedthemotherduckbecauseofinstincts.Nowweknowthat,shortly7theyhatch,ducklingsfix8anyobjectaboutthesizeofaduckandwillhenceforthfollowit.Soducklingsmayfollowabasketballorabriefcaseiftheseare9forthemotherduckatthetimewhenimprintingoccurs.Thus,socialtiescanbeconsiderably10,evenonesthathaveaconsiderablebase11bygenetics.Evenamongthesocialinsectssomethinglikeimprinting12influencesocialbehavior.Forexample,biologistsoncethoughtbeescommunicatedwithotherspurely13instinct.But,inexaminingadancethatbeesdotoindicatethedistanceanddirectionofapollensource,observersfoundthatbeesraisedinisolationcouldnotcommunicateeffectively.Atahigherlevel,thegeneticbaseseemstobemuchmoreforanallpurposelearningratherthanthemorespecificresponsesofimprinting.Chimpanzees,forinstance,generally14verygoodmotherbutJaneGoodallreportsthatsomechimpscarrytheinfantupsidedownor15failtonurturetheyoung.Shebelievesthatthesefemalesweretheyoungestorthe16childofamother.Insuchcircumstances,theydidnothavetheopportunitytoobservehowtheirownmother17forheryoung.Certainlyadolescentchimpswhoarestillwiththeirmotherswhenotheryoungareborntakemuchinterestintherearingoftheiryoungbrotherorsister.Theyhaveanexcellentopportunitytolearn,andthesocialtiesthatarecreatedbetweenmotherandyoung18Goodalltodescribethesocialunitasafamily.Themotheroffspringtieisbeyond19;thereissomeevidenceto20thattiesalsocontinuebetweensiblingsofthesamesex,thatisbrotherbrotherandsistersister.1AassumedBadoptedCbelievedDsurmised2AconsiderateBconsideratedCconsiderableDconsidering3AstatuesBstatusesCstatutesDstatures4AWhatsmoreBHenceCButDHowever5AnotBonlyCbutDsolely6AclarifiesBclassifiesCdefinesDoutlines7AthanBbeforeCwhenDafter8AonBwithCinDwithin9AappropriatedBsubstitutedCassignedDdistributed10AvariedBdeviatedCdifferedDaltered11AfashionedBmodifiedCinfluencedDaffected12AmayBshouldCmustDcan13AbyBoutofCfromDthrough14AproveBmakeCturnDcreate15AotherwiseBstillCyetDeven16AoneBsoleCsingleDonly17AlookedBattendedCcaredDprovided18AguideBcauseCdirectDlead19AlimitationBimaginationCdoubtDexpectation20AadviseBhintCimplyDsuggestSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorDMarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1(40points)Text1NewfiguresfromFrance,GermanyandItaly-thethreebiggesteconomiesinthe12countryEurozone-suggestthecontinent'seconomicwoesmayhavebeenexaggerated.InFrance,evidenceemergedthatconsumerspendingremainedsolidinJulyandAugust,rising1.4%and0.6%respectively.ForecastershadgenerallyexpectedtheJulyfiguretoshowa0.1%slippage,withAugustunchanged.ButthefigureswereflatteredslightlybyadowngradetotheJunefigure,to0.7%from1.5%.WithmanufacturinginthedoldrumsacrossEuropeandtheUS,consumerspendinghasbeenincreasinglyseenasthebesthopeofstoppingtheglobaleconomicslowdownfromturningintoarecession.TheFrenchgovernmentsaidthenewsprovedthattheeconomywasholdinguptothestrainoftheslowdown.MeanwhileinGermany,newregionalpricefigureswentsomewaytowardscalmingfearsaboutinflationinEurope'slargesteconomy-akeyreasonfortheEuropeanCentralBank'sreluctancetocutinterest15statessaidconsumerpriceswerebroadlystable,withinflationfallingyearonyear.Theinformationbackedeconomists'expectationsthatinflationforthecountryasawholeissettofallbacktoayearlyrateof2.1%,comparedtoayearlyrateof2.6%inAugust,closinginontheEurowidetargetof2%.Thedropispartlyduetolastyear'sspikeinoilpricesdroppingoutoftheyearonyearcalculation.TheicingonthecakewasnewsthatItaly'sjobmarkethasremainedbuoyant.Thecountry'sJulyunemploymentratedroppedto9.4%from9.6%themonthbefore,itslowestlevelinmorethaneightyears.AndabusinessconfidencesurveyfromquasigovernmentalresearchgroupISAEtoldofageneralpickupindemandinthesixweekstoearlySeptember.ButthenewswastemperedbyanannouncementbyAlitalia,thecountry'sbiggestairline,thatitwillhavetogetridof2，500stafftocopewiththeexpectedcontractionaswellasselling12aeroplanes.AndindustrialgroupConfindustriawarnedthattheattacksonUStargetsmeantgrowthwillbeabout1.9%thisyear,wellshortofthegovernment's2.4%target.Anditsaidthebudgetdeficitwillprobablybeabout1.5%,nearlytwicethe0.8%Italy'sgovernmenthaspromiseditsEuropeanUnionpartners.21Weknowfromthefirstparagraphthat.AnewfiguresfromthethreeEuropeancountriesshowthepredictionofforecastersisexactlyrightBEuropeaneconomygetsonbetterthanforecastershavepredictedCallofthe