Australian-taxation-law-notes-澳大利亚税法概要

1Topic2OrdinaryIncome1.Assessableincome=ordinaryincome+statutoryincome(s.6-1(1))Taxableincome=assessableincome-deduction(s.995-1(1)&s.4-15)2.Ordinaryincome:a.Periodicity,recurrence®ularity(Harris,Dixon)b.Incomemustbemoneyorconvertibleintomoneyc.Receiptsfromincomeproducingactivitieswillberegardedasordinaryincome&incomeearningactivity(Harris,Dixon)3.Incomeearningactivities:a.Personalexertion(personalservices,employment,one-offservices)b.Property(interest,rent,dividend)c.Carryingonabusiness(sales,services)4.S.21Aenablesvalueofbenefit,non-cashbenefit,tobeassessedasordinaryincomeunders.6-5.FCTvCooke&Sherden5.S.21Adoesnotoperateinanemploymentrelationship.Ifemployment,thebenefitistaxedunderFBT.6.Non-cashbenefit:propertyorservicesprovidedwhollyorpartlyinrespectofabusinessrelationship,orfororinrelationdirectlyorindirectlytoabusinessrelationship.S.21A(5)7.S.21A(3):thevalueofthebenefitisreducedtotheextentthatthetaxpayerwouldhavebeenentitledtoaonceonlydeductionifthetaxpayerhadincurredthecost.8.Entertainmentisnon-deductiblepers.32-5.9.Ifareceiptisordinaryincomeunders.6-5,areceiptthatsubstitutesforitwillalsobeordinaryincomeunders.6-5.FCTvDixon10.Receiptsgenerallynotconsideredasordinaryincomeincludecapital,windfallgains,hobbyreceiptsandmutualreceipts.11.Purelygiftfromfriendorfamilycannotbetreatedasordinaryincome.FCTvHarris12.Thecompensationforthecancellationofbusinesscontractsisincome.HeavyMineralsPtyLtdvFCT13.Amountreceivedforthesterilisationofassetsaretreatedascapital(lossofuseofassetorincomeproducingcapacity).GlenboigUnionFireclayCoLtdvIRC214.Paymentsreceivedforenteringintorestrictiveagreementsarecapital.DickensonvFCT15.Compensationforlossoftradingstockisconsideredasincome.CIRvNewcastleBreweriesLtd16.Salesofknowledgeor‘know-how’areincome.Rolls-RoyceLtdvJeffrey17.Saleorassignmentofincomestreamsshouldbetreatedasincome,andthelumpsumisassesableunders.25(1).MyerEmporium18.Undissectedlumpsum,wherelumpsumamountscomprisingbothincomeandcapital,butwithoutdissectionintotheiractualcomponents,shouldbetreatedascapital.MclaurinvFCT19.LotteryprizearenotincomeintheAustralianjurisdiction.20.Gamblingwinswillonlyconstitutedeductionandassessableincome,iftheymaybeseenasproceedsofabusiness.TrautweinvFCT21.Receiptsformgamblingwinsarenotassessable.(MartinvFCT)22.Noliabilitytotaxariseswhereapersonparticipatescasuallyinacompetitionandwinsaprize.However,aprofessionalquizplayerregularappearancesonquizprogramstheprizesmayconstituteassessableincome.CaseT1423.Receiptsorproceedsformhobbies,asdistinguishedfrombusiness,aredeemednottobeassessableincome.Also,expensesandlossesfromhobbiesarenotdeductibel.24.Organizationshavenoidentityseparatefromtheirmembers,thussubscriptionsandothercontributionsformmemberscannotbetreatedasincome,theyaremutualincharacter.TheBohemiansClubvActingFCT25.Incomefromillegalactivitiesareassessable.PartridgevMallandaine26.Profitsarisingfromultraviresactionsofcompanydirectorsmaybeassessableofthecompany.EnglandvWebb3Topic3DerivationofIncome1.S6-5(2)&(3):assessableincomeincludeordinaryincomederivedduringtheincomeyear.2.Thecashbasis:usedmostlybyindividuals,egsalaryorwageearnersTheaccrualsbasis:generallyusedinbusiness3.Cashbasis:incomeisderivedwhenthecashisreceived.BrentvFCTAccrualsbasis:theincomeisderivedwhenithasbeenearned,whenaninvoicehasbeenissued.JRowe&SonvFCT4.Largecharteredaccountingfirmshoulduseaccrualsbasis,becausetheincomeisnotpersonalservicesincome,itistheresultofmanyaccountants.HendersonvFCT5.Theincomederivedbyasolicitorinsolepracticewithonesecretaryshouldbetreatedaspersonalservicesincomeandcashbasisappropriate.FCTvFirstenberg6.Servicescanbeprovidedbymanypeople-AccrualServicesprovidedbyoneperson-CashSellingshoesbyoneormanypeople-tradingbusiness-AccrualIncomefromrentalproperty-Cash7.Forabusinesssellinggoodsorsupplyingservices,amountsreceivedinadvancearenotregardedasincome.ArthurMurrayvFCT8.S.6-5(4):thecasewherethetaxpayer,thoughhehasnotreceivedthemoneyitself,hashadthebenefitofit,orofsomethingwhichissubstantiallyequivalenttoit.(cashbasisonly)9.BrentvFCT:WifeoftheGreatinnotinbusinessinsteadprovidingpersonalservices-CashbasisS.6-5(4)didnotapply,andonlythemoneyactuallyreceivedwasderived.10.Askingforacashpaymenttobedelayedisnotdealingwiththeincome.(cashbasisonly)BrentvFCT45Topic4StatutoryIncomeandExemptIncome1.Dividendspaidbyacompanytoashareholderareincludedintheshareholder’sassessableincomeunders.44(1).2.Taxpaidontheprofitsfromwhichadividendwaspaidandpassedontotheshareholderisalsoassessableunders.207-20(1),whichiscalled‘franking’.从税后利润付股利给股东，这部分利润所含的已交公司所得税称为frankingcredit。股东应申报（股利＋frankingcredit）为总股利，按照自己的税率，再减去frankingcredit，就是这部分收入应交的个人所得税。3.S.15-2(1):includesthevaluetothetaxpayerofallowances,gratuities,compensations,benefits,bonusesandpremiumsprovided,directlyorindirectly,withrespecttoemploymentorservices.4.S.15-2(2):doesnothavetobeintheformofmoney.5.S.15-2(3)(d):iftheallowanceetcisordinaryincomeunders.6-5,thens.15-2willnotoperate.6.S.6-25(2):cannotassessincometwice.7.S.15-3:paymentsonlymadetoinducearesumptionofworkareinclu