四大名词性从句-主语从句精讲

名词性从句nounclause什么是名词性从句根据从句在句子中的功能分根据从句的性质分定语从句形容词性从句主语从句名词性从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句状语从句副词性从句高考考试重点•考查名词性从句的语序问题•考查引导词that与what的区别•考查it在名称从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法•考查whether与if的区别•考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与nomatter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别•考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题nounclauses名词性从句subjectiveclause主语从句objectiveclause宾语从句predicativeclause表语从句appositiveclause同位语从句Whatkindofnounclausesarethey?请区分下列句子分别是什么从句•1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.•2.Idon’tknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet.•3.Histroubleisthathedoesn’tknowanybodyinLondon.•4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句brainstorming(2m)名词性从句相当于一个名词作用的从句称作名词性从句，名词性从句常在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。如：1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.2.Idon’tknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet.3.Histroubleisthathedoesn’tknowanybodyinLondon.4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.名词性从句连接词可分为三类连接词：that,whether/if（是否）在句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.在句中充当主语，宾语连接副词：when,where,how,why在句中充当状语1.willtakepartinthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.谁将参加会议还没有决定。2.breaksthelaswillbepunished.无论谁违反了该条例，都将受到惩罚。3.studentwillwinthefirstisuncertain.哪个学生是第一个不确定的。4.theysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.他们为什么突然消失仍然是个谜。5.theywillsetoffisnotdecided.他们什么时候出发还没有决定。6.sheisfromisunknown.她来自哪里还不知道。7.wewillpaintthehousehasnotbeendecided.我们怎样粉刷房子还没有决定。8.peoplecutdowntoomanytreesdestroyedthebalanceofnature.人们砍伐过多的树木破坏了自然的平衡。9.lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.生命能否在地球上延续几百万年将取决于这个问题能否解决。10.Isawwasbeyondanyverbaldescription.我所看到的是无法用言语描述的。WhoWhoeverWhichWhyWhenWhereHowThatWhetherWhatCompletethesentencesusingwhat,whether,where,when,who,why,how,orthat.1.Whatisneededforsuccessisyourhardwork.成功需要的是努力工作2.When/howtheywillarrivehasbeentoldtotheteacher.他们什么时候到达，已经告诉老师了。3.Where/whetherwewillgotomorrowhasn’tbeendecidedyet.我们明天去哪儿还没有决定。4.Whocanjoininthesportmeetisdecidedbytheteacher.谁能参加运动会是由老师决定的。5.Whetheritwillrainornotisnotclear.是否会下雨还不清楚。6.Whytheearthisbecomingwarmisagoodtopicforresearch.地球为什么变热是一个很好的研究课题。7.Thattheearthisasolidballisknowtousall.我们都知道地球是实心球。注意：主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。连接代词who(m),whose,what,which,when,where,why,how这类连接词,除了引导主从外,在从句中还分别起pron/adv./adj.的作用,在从句中分别做主语\宾语\表语\状语Whatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.高考题:_____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.WhereIreadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter____itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.whichwhoever,whomever,whichever,whatever,whenever,wherever等连接词与what等连接词的用法一样,只是具有较强的语意,“凡是,不管,无论”,引导的主语从句一般不后置。Whateverhesaidwasn’ttrue.WhoeverguesseswhatIhaveinmyhandmayhaveit.=Anyonewhoguesses…=Thepersonwhoguesses…Whoever（无论谁）=anyone/anybodywho（谁）___hecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerteenagersshowedinterestintraditionalfestivals.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that主语从句：做主语用的名词性从句，引导主语从句的有连词that，whether，连接代词who，what，which，连接副词when，where，how，why等。注意：1.that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；2.连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义，又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分位置：1)位于句首．2)位于句尾，使用it做形式主语，而把主语从放在句末．(注意：形式主语只能用it,不能使用this／that)Foxexample:1.Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。2.Thathishairwasturninggreyworriedhimalot.他的头发变成了灰色让他很担忧3.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。注意：主语从句中的that绝对不能省去。因为句子是不能做主语的，故用that引导。若去掉则没有了主语，而宾语从句中的that可以省略如：Thatheisrightisknowntoallofus.主语从句Weallknow(that)heisright.宾语从句注意：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。It做形式主语代替主语从句主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子的某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连接词That。而被强掉部分指人时也可以用who/whom1.Thathewillrefusethispieceofadviceisimpossible.Itisimpossiblethathewillrefusethispieceofadvice.*it为形式主语2.Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.用it作形式主语的结构：1）Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat……非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识Itisapity/shamethat…遗憾的是…Itisapitythat(很遗憾)welostthematch.Itisafactthat（这是事实）hecheatedintheexam.2)Itis+形容词+从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…It’scertainthat…肯定…Itispossiblethat…很可能…Itisunlikelythat…不可能…Itisobviousthat…很明显…Itisnecessary/importantthat…+(should)+do…Itispossible(很可能)thatshewillcomebacktomorrow.Itisobviousthat（很明显）thismeasureiseffective.1).表示“应该，惊讶，惋惜，遗憾”等意义Itisimportant/natural/necessary/impossible/strangethat…谓语形式为：should+动词原形,should可省略。Eg.a).Itisstrangethatheshouldnotcome.很奇怪，他竟然没有来b).Itisimportantthatweshoulddoenoughsports.我们做足够的运动很重要。2).表示“据建议，据要求，据命令”It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/commanded/insisted/required/proposed/desired/that…谓语形式:should+动词原形，should可省略a.)Itwasorderedthatallthepassengersshouldbesearched.据命令，所有乘客必须接受搜查。3)Itis+不及物动词+从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想到…a).Ithappenedthat（刚好）Icameintotheofficeatthattime.b).Itoccurredtomethat（我突然想起）Iforgettosenttheletter.4)Itis+过去式+从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…Itisknowntoallthat…众所周知…Itisbelievedthat…据信…;人们相信…Itissuggestedthat+(should)do…建议…Itmustbeadmittedthat…必须承认…Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否人…Itmustbepointedoutthat…需指出的是…a).Itisreportedthat（据报道）20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.b).Itissuggestedthat（建议）weshould