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1“高考考纲”要求掌握的120个文言实词一组1.爱(1)爱其子,择师而教之________(《师说》)(2)不爱珍器重宝肥饶之地________(《过秦论》)(3)项燕为楚将,数有功,爱士卒,楚人怜之________(《陈涉世家》)(4)向使三国各爱其地________(《六国论》)(5)予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染____________(《爱莲说》)答案:(1)疼爱(2)吝惜(3)爱护(4)爱惜,珍惜(5)爱慕,欣赏2.安(1)风雨不动安如山____________(《茅屋为秋风所破歌》)(2)安能屈豪杰之流,扼腕墓道________(《五人墓碑记》)(3)然后得一夕安寝________(《六国论》)(4)思国之安者,必积其德义________(《谏太宗十思疏》)(5)固一世之雄也,而今安在哉!____________(《赤壁赋》)(6)衣食所安,弗敢专也________(《曹刿论战》)(7)既来之,则安之________(《论语》)答案:(1)安稳(2)怎么(3)安逸(4)安定(5)哪里(6)养生(7)使……安3.被(1)曲罢曾教善才服,妆成每被秋娘妒________(《琵琶行》)(2)将军身被坚执锐________(《陈涉世家》)(3)被发行吟泽畔________(《屈原列传》)(4)闻妻一言,如被冰雪________(《促织》)(5)秦王复击轲,被八创________(《荆轲刺秦王》)(6)虽万被戮,岂有悔哉________(《报任安书》)答案:(1)表示被动(2)通“披”,穿在身上或披在身上(3)通“披”,披散(4)覆盖(5)遭受(6)遭受4.倍(1)愿伯具言臣之不敢倍德也__________(《鸿门宴》)(2)每逢佳节倍思亲__________(《九月九日忆山东兄弟》)答案:(1)通“背”,背叛,违背(2)越发、更加5.本(1)自言本是京城女,家在虾蟆陵下住______(《琵琶行》)2(2)此之谓失其本心________(《鱼我所欲也》)(3)本自无教训,兼愧贵家子________(《孔雀东南飞》)(4)少无适俗韵,性本爱丘山________(《归园田居》)(5)盖亦反其本矣________(《齐桓晋文之事》)(6)今存其本不忍废,道中手自钞录________(《〈指南录〉后序》)答案:(1)本来,原来(2)原本的(3)原本(4)本质(5)根本,基础(6)版本,底稿6.鄙(1)鄙贱之人,不知将军宽之至此也________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(2)先帝不以臣卑鄙________(《出师表》)(3)越国以鄙远,君知其难也____________(《烛之武退秦师》)(4)肉食者鄙,未能远谋________(《曹刿论战》)答案:(1)庸俗,浅陋,鄙俗(2)身份低微(3)把……当作边邑(4)浅陋7.兵(1)兵刃既接,弃甲曳兵而走________(《寡人之于国也》)(2)赵亦盛设兵以待秦,秦不敢动________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(3)起视四境,而秦兵又至矣________(《六国论》)(4)斯用兵之效也________(《六国论》)(5)收天下之兵,聚之咸阳________(《过秦论》)答案:(1)兵器,军械(2)士兵,军队(3)军队(4)用兵策略,战略(5)兵器8.病(1)三岁余,王病,赐武马畜、服匿、穹庐________(《苏武传》)(2)相如每朝时,常称病__________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(3)百年多病独登台________(《登高》)(4)余久卧病无聊,乃使人复葺南阁子________(《项脊轩志》)答案:(1)患疾病(2)生病(3)疾病(4)疾病9.察(1)能张目对日,明察秋毫________(《童趣》)(2)前太守臣逵察臣孝廉,后刺史臣荣举臣秀才________(《陈情表》)(3)虽不能察,必以情________(《曹刿论战》)(4)怨灵修之浩荡兮,终不察夫民心__________(《离骚》)(5)咨诹善道,察纳雅言________(《出师表》)(6)察邻国之政,无如寡人之用心者________(《寡人之于国也》)答案:(1)仔细看,观察(2)察举(3)了解,弄清楚3(4)体察(5)辨别清楚(6)考察10.朝(1)朝服衣冠________(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)(2)相如每朝时,常称病__________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(3)此吾祖太常公宣德间执此以朝________(《项脊轩志》)(4)强国请服,弱国入朝________(《过秦论》)(5)逮奉圣朝,沐浴清化________(《陈情表》)(6)自古逢秋悲寂寥,我言秋日胜春朝________(《秋词》)答案:(1)朝(zhāo),早晨(2)上朝(3)上朝(4)朝拜(5)朝代(6)时光二组11.曾(1)曾不若孀妻弱子________(《愚公移山》)(2)寻常巷陌,人道寄奴曾住________(《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》)(3)曾益其所不能__________(《生于忧患死于安乐》)答案:(1)竟然(2)曾经(3)通“增”,增加12.乘(1)因利乘便,宰割天下________(《过秦论》)(2)乘彼垝垣,以望复关________(《诗经·氓》)(3)昔人已乘黄鹤去,此地空余黄鹤楼______(《黄鹤楼》)(4)从今若许闲乘月,拄杖无时夜叩门________(《游山西村》)(5)我欲乘风归去,又恐琼楼玉宇,高处不胜寒______(《水调歌头》)(6)闲来垂钓碧溪上,忽复乘舟梦日边______(《行路难》)答案:(1)趁着,凭借(2)登上(3)乘坐(4)趁着(5)坐,驾(6)乘坐13.诚(1)诚知其如此……吾不以一日辍汝而就也____________(《祭十二郎文》)(2)战败而亡,诚不得已________(《六国论》)(3)诚能见可欲,则思知足以自戒__________(《谏太宗十思疏》)(4)今诚以吾众诈自称公子扶苏、项燕________(《陈涉世家》)(5)此诚危急存亡之秋也________(《出师表》)答案:(1)如果(2)实在,的确(3)果真,如果(4)如果(5)实在,确实14.除(1)攘除奸凶,兴复汉室________(《出师表》)(2)然则将军之仇报,而燕国见陵之耻除矣________(《荆轲刺秦王》)4(3)寻蒙国恩,除臣洗马________(《陈情表》)(4)扶辇下除,触柱折辕________(《苏武传》)(5)服孝将除了也________(《窦娥冤》)(6)除了外百事不知________(《窦娥冤》)答案:(1)铲除,消灭(2)消除(3)拜官授职(4)台阶(5)解除,脱下(6)副词,除外15.辞(1)今太子迟之,请辞决矣____________(《荆轲刺秦王》)(2)辞曰:臣之壮也,犹不如人________(《烛之武退秦师》)(3)臣死且不避,卮酒安足辞______________(《鸿门宴》)(4)念与世间辞,千万不复全__________(《孔雀东南飞》)(5)大礼不辞小让________(《鸿门宴》)(6)臣等不肖,请辞去____________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(7)秦王恐其破璧,乃辞谢__________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(8)单于使卫律召武受辞________(《苏武传》)答案:(1)辞别,告别(2)推托,推辞(3)推辞(4)告别(5)讲究,计较(6)辞别(7)用说辞(8)审讯16.从(1)沛公旦日从百余骑来见项王____________(《鸿门宴》)(2)臣从其计,大王亦幸赦臣________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(3)惑而不从师,其为惑也________(《师说》)(4)樊哙从良坐________(《鸿门宴》)(5)从此道至吾军不过二十里耳____________(《鸿门宴》)(6)弟走从军阿姨死________(《琵琶行》)(7)合从缔交,相与为一________(《过秦论》)答案:(1)使……跟随,使……随从(2)听从,顺从(3)向……学习(4)依傍(5)由,自(6)投身(7)通“纵”,“合纵”之策17.殆(1)知彼知己,百战不殆________(《孙子兵法》)(2)且燕赵处秦革灭殆尽之际________(《六国论》)(3)得不焚,殆有神护者________(《项脊轩志》)(4)思而不学则殆________(《论语》)答案:(1)危险(2)近于,几乎(3)大概,恐怕(4)精神疲倦而无所得18.当5(1)西当太白有鸟道,可以横绝峨眉巅________(《蜀道难》)(2)不久当归还,还必相迎取__________(《孔雀东南飞》)(3)料大王士卒足以当项王乎______________(《鸿门宴》)(4)当是时也,商君佐之________(《过秦论》)(5)念窦娥葫芦提当罪愆________(《窦娥冤》)(6)臣知欺大王之罪当诛________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(7)有狼当道,人立而啼________(《狼》)(8)一夫当关,万夫莫开________(《蜀道难》)(9)垣墙周庭,以当南日________(《项脊轩志》)答案:(1)对着(2)必然,一定(3)对等,比得上(4)值,正在(5)承担(6)应当,应该(7)阻,拦(8)占据,把守(9)挡住,屏蔽19.道(1)怀其璧,从径道亡________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(2)从郦山下,道芷阳间行________(《鸿门宴》)(3)师者,所以传道受业解惑也________(《师说》)(4)赂秦而力亏,破灭之道也________(《六国论》)(5)伐无道,诛暴秦________(《陈涉世家》)(6)人道是,三国周郎赤壁________(《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》)(7)复道行空,不霁何虹?________(《阿房宫赋》)(8)于是废先王之道________(《过秦论》)答案:(1)路,道路(2)取道(3)道理,规律(4)原因(5)道义(6)说,谈论(7)廊道(8)主张,思想,学说20.得(1)此言得之________(《六国论》)(2)未得与项羽相见________(《鸿门宴》)(3)吾得兄事之________(《鸿门宴》)(4)所识穷乏者得我欤__________(《孟子·鱼我所欲也》)(5)古人之观于天地……鸟兽,往往有得________(《游褒禅山记》)(6)积善成德,而神明自得,圣心备焉________(《劝学》)答案:(1)适宜,得当(2)能够(3)要,必须(4)通“德”,感激(5)收获(6)具备三组21.度(1)孤不度德量力,欲信大义于天下________(《隆中对》)6(2)度我至军中,公乃入________(《鸿门宴》)(3)猿猱欲度愁攀援________(《蜀道难》)(4)试使山东之国与陈涉度长絜大__________(《过秦论》)(5)不抚壮而弃秽兮,何不改乎此度__________(《离骚》)(6)群臣惊愕,卒起不意,尽失其度__________(《荆轲刺秦王》)(7)闲云潭影日悠悠,物换星移几度秋________(《滕王阁诗》)(8)秋月春风等闲度________(《琵琶行》)答案:(1)揣度,衡量(2)推测,估计(3)翻越,越过(4)量,计算(5)法度(6)常态(7)量词,次、回(8)度过22.非(1)登高而招,臂非加长也________(《劝学》)(2)六国破灭,非兵不利,战不善,弊在赂秦________(《六国论》)(3)人非生而知之者,孰能无惑________(《师说》)(4)备他盗之出入与非常也________(《鸿门宴》)(5)觉今是而昨非________(《归去来兮辞》)(6)举世非之而不加沮________(《逍遥游》)答案:(1)不,没有(2)不是(3)不是(4)非常:意外的变故(5)不对的,错误的(6)非难,诋毁,毁谤23.复(1)使秦复爱六国之人________(《阿房宫赋》)(2)呜呼!师道之不复,可知矣________(《师说》)(3)明年复攻赵,杀二万人________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(4)山重水复疑无路________(《游山西村》)(5)复道行空,不霁何虹________(《阿房宫赋》)(6)愿
本文标题:版高考语文总复习第二部分古诗文阅读专题一文言文阅读知识清单高考考纲要求掌握的120个文言实词
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