TIRE(中文)

轮胎的一般介绍（轿车，箱式轿车用）I.TIRE一般理解II.PCRTIRE构造理解III.新车用TIRE开发承受轮胎的重量和负荷。2.传递驱动力和制动力。3.缓和从路面传来的冲击.4.改变汽车的行驶方向。轿车,箱式轿车TIRE的理解轮胎的开发史•1845•R.W.Tomson专利(苏格兰)•没有使用价值•1888•J.B.Dunlop(1888年苏格兰)•自行车用轮胎(内胎)内胎附贴在轮辋的形式•1893•B.F.Goodrich(美国)•1896-1900汽车用轮胎,Cleveland与汽车公司合作•1905UnitedStatedCo.(美国)航空用轮胎•1909Continental(德国)Snowtire开发•1913Radial构造专利(英国)•1948TubelessTire开发(美国B.F.Goodrich)•1948SteelBeltedRadial开发(法国Michelin)•1976AllSeasonTire开发(美国B.F.Goodrich)•1981DirectionaltreadTire开发构造▷RADIAL▷BIAS按Tube形式▷Tubeless▷Tubetype취부차량별▷PCR/PCB▷LTR/LTB▷TBR/TBB▷Industrial▷Agricultural▷AirCraft按功能/区域▷AllSeason(내수/북미)▷Summer(欧洲/中东)▷Winter(북구용)TIRE分类比较▷RADIAL:CarcassLayer90度排列于TreadCenterLine▷BIAS:多数的CarcassLayer对称排列于TreadCenterLine区分Carcass数CarcassCord角度Belt材料RADIAL1~2张Radial(0~5度)SteelBIASmultipliesBias(对称)于中心LineFablic(Nylon)功能特性比较ITEM乘车感LateralForce(操纵稳定性)因反复负荷引起的发热接地面积(MaximumGrip)接地面积均一性(for垂直负荷)RADIALTREAD:RIGIDSIDE:FlexibleTread/Side거동분리⇒确保Cornering安全性Cord同一排列于负荷方向(微小摩擦)⇒EnergyLoss最小Flat&Large确保接地面积均一BIASTREAD/SIDE强度一样(在side部分吸收冲击不好)Tread/Side거동연결⇒코너링시외측TIRELifting현상Round&Small对于负荷有明显的接地面积变化BiasPly间摩擦⇒耐久力下降⇒发生EnergyLoss▶TUBELESSvs.TUBETYPE安全性TubelessTIRETubetypeTIRE※轿车用的大部分是采用RadialTire且TubelessType规格标记轿车用:断面宽,扁平率,构造,Rim直径,负荷指数,SPEED等构成P-Metric标记:P205/75R15(P是Passenger的缩写)–北美,澳洲Metric:205/75R15-欧洲,日本P205/75R1584TEXTRALOAD(XL)Reinforced(metric)SpeedsymbolLoadIndexRimdiametercodeConstructioncodeNominalAspecratioNominalsectionwidthPassengercartires://(km/h)80450A1581462A21082475A31583487A42084500A52585515A63086530A73587545A84088560B5089580C6090600D6591615E7092630F8093650G9094670J10095690K11096710L12097730M13098750N14099775P150100800Q160101825R170102850S180103875T190104900U200105925H210106950V240107975ZOVER2401081000W2701091030Y300●Marking项目:Brand,规格,使用条件,构造,Tube形式,DOTcode,认证事项,用途,Safetywarningetc.构造(PLIES)TREAD:STEEL2+POLYESTER1+NYLON1SIDEWALL:POLYESTER1PLYSteelBelt2张Belt补强Ply1张Carcass1张使用条件(负荷/气压)MAX.LOAD1477LBS(670kg)AT44PSI(300KPA)MAX.PRESS.负荷能力及취부气压例)205/65R1594VTIREDOTcodeDOTYOXXXXXX0100(YO=制造工厂)(0100:制造周期/2000年1周)用10~12位标记•UniformTireQualityGradingStandards-Treadwear:TypicalRange60to620,20PointIncrementsTheHigherthegrade,Thelongerthetreadlife-Traction:StraightwetbrakingperformanceGradeAtoCassigned,Asignifyingthebesttraction-Temperature:AbilitytowithstandheatundertestconditionsAssignedAA,AtoC,AAthemostresistancetoheat•DOTH2MUYAN220404年22周PatternTYPE区分235/40R18PLANTDepartmentofTransportation参考)취부气压与LOADINDEX•使用气压以及负荷标记按照FMVSS-109:Coldinflationpressuremaybeincreasedabovethoseapplicabletothetireloadsuptothemaximummarkedonthetirewithnoincreaseinload.LoadVersionPressureMarkingLoadSTANDARDLOAD240kPa(35psi)LL,SL(ISO)300kPa(44psi)350kPa(51psi)EXTRALOAD(XL)280kPa(41psi)XL(ISO)340kPa(50psi)※ETRTO:EXTRA(orXL)또는REINFORCED(orREINF)을마킹240kPa(35psi)Load280kPa(41psi)Load적용관련검토사항'01.08.27.1.LOADINDEX/InflationPress적용▷ETRTO:LoadIndexofStandardTyre+4//Load%는STDLoad의115%까지:HR이상및EXTRAtire는3.5bar까지가능(ETRTOP.5)▷TRA:설계MaximumLoadPressure는280kPa(=41psi)로한다.:45's이하규격에서MaximumExtraLoad=ValueofStandardLoadindex+4IntermediateLoadatreducedinflationpressure=Lmax*(Pint/280)^0.65로한다참조)TIRESERVICECONDITIONS;LOADvsPRESSURE(扁平率)70Series60Series50Series40SeriesSHSWX100=00SeriesSHSW关于国内外认证•T.R.A.(theTireandRimAssociation)•E.T.R.T.O(EuropeanTyreandRimeTechncialOrganisation)•J.A.T.M.A(JappanAutomobileTireManufacturersAssociation)•T.R.A.A(theTireandRimAssociationAustralia)•E-number,UTQGgrade,I-mark,CCIB,Nom,JIS,KSetc.1.各国规定2.关于国内外法规•ECER30,54•FMVSS109,119•ADR23•GulFStandard(SASO)•JISD4230•KSM6750轮胎技术开发趋势•根据SportsUtilityVehicle,CrossOverVehicle等Fusion车辆趋势的大型化,高性能化(largerimsize,lowaspecratio,highspeed)•为了环境保护而开发Fueleconomy等Green概念的新技术•采用新材料、新构造的超轻量化技术的开发•EVtire,RunFlat,Racing&Rally等特殊目的轮胎开发技术•为了缩短产品开发时间而开发的产品开发技术•为了确保产业技术竞争力开发的轮胎生产设备的技术开发▣RIMINCHUP及LOWSERIESRIMINCH-UPSIZE변화예시SERIES70’S65’S+1”60’S+1”55’S+1”+2”50’S+2”175/70R13185/65R13175/65R14185/60R14195/55R14185/55R15195/50R15▶基本前提지상고/负荷率维持TIRE外径/Cavity维持减小断面高度