基于ZigBee技术的无线自动抄表系统

重庆大学硕士学位论文基于ZigBee技术的无线自动抄表系统姓名：朱洲申请学位级别：硕士专业：控制理论与控制工程指导教师：曹长修20050501IZigBeeZigBeeIEEE802.15.4ZigBeeWLANZigBeeIC(WLAN)GSM/GPRSWirelessUSBLRZigBeeZigBee,-10100mA10s3s6mA5msZigBeeIIRSSIMACZigBeeIIIABSTRACTZigBeeisanewglobalstandardforwirelessconnectivity,focusingonstandardizingandenablinginteroperabilityofproductswithinhomecontrol,buildingautomationandindustrialcontrolandmonitoring.ZigBeeisbuiltontherobustradio(PHY)andmediumaccesscontrol(MAC)communicationlayersdefinedbytheIEEE802.15.4standard.AbovethisZigBeedefinesmesh,starandclustertreenetworktopologieswithdatasecurityfeaturesandinteroperableapplicationprofiles.ItisnowwidelyrecognizedthatstandardssuchasBluetoothandWLANarenotsuitedforlowpowerapplications,whichisduetothesestandards’highnodecostsaswellascomplexandpowerhungryRF-ICsandprotocols.However,duetothepeculiarityofutilitymeters,suchchallengingproblemsaspowersupply,thecoordinationofenergy-savingmechanismatalllevelsandtheautomaticnetworkformationneedtobesolvedinordertoestablishawirelessautomaticreadingsystembymeansofZigBee.Thisarticleattemptstohaveafurtherstudyonthebasisoftheagreementsproposedintheavailablematerials.WithanintroductiontothebasicfundamentalsofZigBeeaccessories,thisarticleprovidesaframeworkofwirelessautomaticmeterreadingsystem,themaintypesofhardwareandanalyzestheautomaticnetworkformationskillsinthesystemaswellastherouteproposalintermsofpower.Sincethepowerofthemetersinthewirelessautomaticmeterreadingsystemaresuppliedwithbatteriesinstalledinside,whichshalllastforlonginthatitisnotconvenienttobereplaced,itisvitalthatthebatteriesareadoptedproperly.BymeansofadetailedintroductiontoLithiumCellanditsrelevanttechniques,thisarticlehasadeepanalysisof“VoltageDelay”causedbyLi-SOC12,whichhasslesthedesignersforlong.Aconclusionisdrawnwithacomparisonbetweenseveralsolutionsthat“VoltageDelay”canbesolvedbytheimpingementofweakcurrentsofperiodicityandmeanwhilesomeparametersaresuggested.Variouslevelsareinvolvedinordertoreducetheenergyconsumedandprolongthelifespanofbatteriesinthemeters.Theenergy-savingproblemsarediscussedeffectivelyasfarasphysics,mediaaccessandnetworkareconcerned.Atthesametime,thefeasibilityofapplyingsomeenergy-savingskillstothesystemdrawssomeattention.Theconclusionisthatinthewirelessautomaticmeterreadingsystem,thetotalpowerconsumptionontherouteaswellastheIVsurpluspowerofasinglejointshouldbetakenintoconsiderationintheenergy-savingmechanismofnetworkleveltopreventsomejointsfrombeing“bottleneck”ofthewholesystem.Thepaperissummedupintheendandthefutureeffortsaredirected.KeywordsZigBee,Automaticmeterreadingsystem,Li-SOC12,Lowdatarate,Wireless111.12004-06-01(CJ/T188-2004)(M-BUSRS485)[1][2][3]ZigBeeZigBeeIEEE802.15.4200012IEEE802.15.42002ZigBeeZigBeeInvensysIEEE802.15.42006ZigBee467ZigBee21.2IC1.2.11.2.2ICIC90IC1.2.3ICICRS-48531.2.4IC1.3612ZigBee3ZigBee45ZigBee42ZigBee2.12.1.1(WLAN)2090IEEE802.11[4]WLAN,(ISM)2Mbit/s1997(MAC)802.11802.11b/a/g802.112.4GHz5GHz2.4GHz(DSSS)(FHSS)802.11a(IR)850~950nm10mWLAN(LAN)WLANLANWLAN2.1.2GSM/GPRSGPRS(GeneralPacketRadioService)GSMGSMGPRSGSMTDMAGPRSGSMSMSSMSGSMGSM/GRPSZigBee52.1.3[5]IBM199820002.4GHzISM(1600/)0dBm10cm~10m100mTDDFM1/3FEC2/3FECARQ2.1.4ZigBeeZigBeeZigBee(PAN)802.11xZigBee10kbps250kbps56ZigBeeZigBee255ZigBee6ZigBee2541075m2.4GHz868MHz()915MHz()ZigBee()()()2.1.5WirelessUSBLR2.4GHzWirelessUSBLR(CYWUSB6935)5050WirelessUSBLR(DSSS)2.4GHzIEEE802.11bBluetooth-95dBm5050WirelessUSBLR0.250dBm/WirelessUSBLR62.5kbps10212.1.62.1ZigBeeZigBee72.1Table2.1CompasionofwirelessnetworkstandardZigBee802.15.4Bluetooth802.15.1Wi-Fi802.11bGBRS/GSMWebE-mailWAN4KB-32KB250KB+1MB+16MB+()100-1000+1-71-51-7255/65K+7301000(Kbps)20-250100011000+64-128(m)1-75+1-10+1-1001000+2.2ZigBeeZigBee2.1ZigBeeIEEE802.15.4[6][7]32-/64-/128MAC(PHY)868MHz/915MHz/2.4GHz2.1ZigBeeFig2.1IEEE802.15.4&ZigBeeInContextZigBeeIEEE802.15.4ZigBee82.2.1/(CSMA-CA)1)IEEE802.15.42.4GHz868/915MHzDSSS(DirectSequenceSpreadSpectrum)[9][10][11][12][13]2.4GHzISMZigBee2.4GHz250kb/s868MHzISM915MHzISM2.4GHz868MHz20kb/s916MHz40kb/s2.2Table2.2Frequencybandsanddatarates(MHz)(kchip/s)(kb/s)868MHz868-868.61300(BPSK)20915MHz902-92810600(BPSK)402.4G2400-2483.5162000(O-QPSK)25016PHYA.(power)1mWZigBee9B.40ppmC.-85dBm(2450MHz)-92dBm(868/915MHz)1%(PSDU=20bytes)D.(RSSI)2)2.22.4G2.22.4GFig2.22.4GHzbandPHYModulationandspreadingfunctions2.4G(PPDU)(Symbol)32(Chip)2.3(O-QPSK)2.3-Table2.3Symbo-to-chipmapping()()0000011011001110000110101001000101110110001110110110011100001101010010001020100001011101101100111000011010100103110000100010111011011001110000110101400100101001000101110110110011100001151010001101010010001011101101100111006011011000011010100100010111011011001711101001110000110101001000010111011018000110001100100101100000011101111011(O-QPSK)PPDUZigBee1091001101110001100100101100000011101111001010111101110001100100101100000011111110101110111101110001100100101100000120011000001110111101110001100100101101310110110000001110111101110001100100114011110010110000001110111101110001100151111110010010110000001110111101110002.3868/915MHz2.3868/915MHzFig2.3868