2012高考英语被动语态详解课件

高三英语总复习语法系列训练被动语态详解动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语的关系主动语态:被动语态:主语是动作的执行者主语是动作的承受者｛语态汉语的把字句汉语的被字句翻译：汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，•而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态被动语态的构成：be+done（过去分词）复习时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在动词的变化上，以give为例，列表如下：1一般现在时：give2一般过去时：gave3一般将来时：shall/will+give4现在进行时：am/is/are+giving5现在完成时：have/has+given6过去完成时：had+given7过去进行时：was/were+giving8过去将来时：should/would+give9将来完成时：shall/will+have+given10过去将来完成时：should/would+have+given11.现在完成进行时：have/hasbeengiving(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下：一般现在时：am/is/are+given一般过去时：was/were+given一般将来时：shall/will+be+given现在进行时：am/is/are+being+given现在完成时：have/has+been+given过去完成时：had+been+given过去进行时：was/were+being+given过去将来时：should/would+be+given将来完成时：shall/will+havebeen+given过去将来完成时：should/would+havebeen+given［注］被动语态没有将来进行时，过去将来进行时和完成进行时。(三)被动语态常用的八种时态1.一般现在时：Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2.一般过去时：Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten.3.一般将来时：Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.4.过去将来时：Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.5.现在进行时：TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.6.过去进行时：—Whydidn'ttheydrivethereontime?—Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad.Becausetheroadwasbeingmended.Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.7.现在完成时：Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown.8.过去完成时：WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.9.含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.(四)被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。“Mr.White,thecupwithmixturewasbrokenafterclass.”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替by短语。ThesecarsweremadeinChina.15,000carswillbeproducedeachyearinthenewfactory.(五)主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语（2）Sheoftencleansthehouse.→Thehouseisoftencleanedbyher.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3.必要时加上介词by的宾语，（人或物）如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+地点名词作状语。(六)语态转换时要注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语（物品）为主语时比较多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留宾语注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.Mybikewaslenttoher.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语（人）前用介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)Themeatwascookedforus.Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.难点：有些既不用to也不用for,根据动词与介词的搭配关系。Heaskedmeaquestion.(Aquestionwasaskedofme.)PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.TheGreatWallisknowntopeopleallovertheworld.(不用by短语)3.看成整体不及物动词+介词，如:agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.及物动词+副词：如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.•在使役动词have,make,get以及•感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe•等变为被动结构时，要加toSomeonesawastrangerwalkintothebuildingWeheardhersinginginthenextroom.Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.Shewasheardsinginginthenextroom.系动词taste,smell,feel,sound,prove等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:1这些花闻起来很香。Theseflowerssmellsweet2那听起来很有道理。Thatsoundsveryreasonable.3那食物尝起来很可口。Thefoodtastesdelicious二、某些与can’twon’t等连用的不及物动词，如move,lock,shut,open等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如：1盒子不能移动。Theboxcan’tmove.2门不会关。Thedoorwon’tshut.三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如sell,write,wash,clean,last(耐久),wear(耐穿),等可用主动形式表达被动意义.如:Thiskindoffoodsellswell.这种食物畅销。Thisclothwasheswellandlastslong.这布料经洗、耐穿。Thefloordoesn’