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公司重组2主要重组方式一览•业务出售(Sell-off/Divestiture)•资产互换(AssetExchange,orSwap)•换股(Split-off/up)•分立(Spin-off)•股权切离(EquityCarve-out)•定向股票(TargetedStock)•LBO/MBO:回购股票,私有化重组目的:获取股票市场重新信任参考:《接管、重组与公司治理》3•以改善公司治理和产权改革为目的的重组(LBO/MBO,改善激励•以提高经营效率为目的的重组(业务流程优化重组,提高经营效率)•基于产能过度的重组(退出过度能力,限制恶性竞争)•基于资本市场估价理念偏好变化的重组(业务收益的风险结构重组,匹配投资者的风险收益偏好)•基于监管规则,改善上市公司融资功能的重组(资产置换,买壳)4一.为什么重组?•成长型企业业务专一,企业价值增加来自增加主业或相关业务投资,外部公众股东与内部控股股东利益一致。此时,无重组的外部压力和内在要求。MicroSoft,Dell51.公司组合的多元化业务未上市,没有象专业化上市公司那样公开披露信息,信息不充分,而AnalystSpecialization,增加了投资分析家和投资者对公司估值难度,导致ConglomerateStockBreakups/股票市场低估(Discount)。•Gilson,S.C.,P.M.Healy,ChristopherF.Noe,andK.G.Palepu.AnalystSpecializationandConglomerateStockBreakups.JournalofAccountingResearch39,no.3(December2001).•Gilson,S.C.AnalystsandInformationGaps:LessonsFromtheUALBuyout.FinancialAnalystsJournal56,no.6(November/December2000):82-110.6多元化企业市值:DiscountorPremium?•diversifiedfirmstradeatasignificantpremium.“DiversificationDiscountorPremium?NewevidencefromBITSEstablishment-LevelData”resource-basedtheoryofdiversificationaswellinthatfirmsaremorelikelytodiversifywhenfacedwithopportunitiesforexploitingpotentialsynergiesandwhentheyhaveenoughfinancialresourcestodoso.BELENVILLALONGA,2001,HarvardUniversity7产业组织学家和金融经济学家之间,以及金融经济学家之间尚无一致结论。措施:对未上市的业务单元象上市公司那样增加信息披露,使投资分析家和股票市场合理估价。82.公司不同业务增长能力和增长潜力差异甚大,资本增值风格和风险不一致,使价值型和增长型投资者均不认同,股票市场对公司股票价值产生discount。93.公司下属业务受到股票市场的追捧程度不同。某些业务的概念和成长潜力为股票市场特别追捧。•解决方案:股权切离104.股票市场估价理念变化,Valuation/Pricing处于低谷,公司股票价值显著低估。解决方案:大股东回购,甚至退市,不受股票市场评价。115.公司多元化之间存在交叉补贴,缺乏透明度,产生了负面的管理激励效果;或者内部管理职责不清,企业之间权利冲突,增加管理成本和管理控制问题,运作低效。通常措施:资产/业务重组,分为不同的专业板块126.公司股权分散,管理层与股东利益严重不一致,经营成本高昂,管理层浪费公司自由现金流,外部公众投资者无可奈何。解决方案:LBO/MBO二.主要重组模式14业务出售(Sell-off/Divestiture)出售资产/业务获得现金15资产互换(AssetExchange)通用电气将欧洲家电业务与法国汤普逊公司医疗器械业务互换16Recapitalization-•Recapitalizationsareamethodofsellingacompanythatcantakevariousforms.Generally,theyareaccomplishedbytherepurchaseofamajorityofthecommonstockbyeitheracompanyorathirdpartyinexchangeforcashorsecurities.17•Inthecontextofapubliccompany,thetransactioniscommonlystructuredasthesaleorrepurchaseof90%ofthecommonstockratherthananoutrightpurchaseinordertoavoidtraditionalpurchaseaccountingtreatmentandresultinggoodwillamortization.Theequitythatisremainingaftertherecapitalizationisoftentermedastub.18公司名稱提出私有化業務時間怡和汔車27/6/2000車五豐行28/12/2000食品森拿美集團28/11/2001車恒基發展6/11/2002地產運通泰24/12/2002酒樓/的士南順食品8/4/2002食品夌電物業10/2/2002地產格蘭酒店30/8/2002酒店保華德祥12/2002建築新亞置業21/2/2003地產鵬利保險3/5/2003保險太平協和19/5/2003地產嘉里建設23/4/2003地產上實藥業22/5/2003藥業太平地氈21/5/2003地氈豐德麗31/3/2003地產聯邦地產24/1/2003地產晉利地產21/5/2003地產19分立(Spin-off)20部门A占公司利润比例:16.3%平均行业市盈率:10部门B占公司利润比例:16.3%平均行业市盈率:8部门C占公司利润比例:16.3%平均行业市盈率:12部门D占公司利润比例:20%平均行业市盈率:25部门E占公司利润比例:30%平均行业市盈率:10甲公司不同部门示意图21甲公司税后收入:8万元占原公司收入比例:80%D公司税后收入:2万元占原公司收入比例:20%在公司分立之后的公司结构22•Purespin-off:aparentcompanydistributes100%ofitsownershipinterestsinasubsidiaryoperationasadividendtoitsexistingshareholders.Afterthespin-off,therearetwoseparate,publiclyheldfirmsthathaveexactly23•Spin-offscantakemanyformsbuttheendresultisthesame:Acorporationtakesasubsidiary,division,orpartofitsbusinessandseparatesitfromtheparentcompanybycreatinganew,independent,free-standingcompany.Inmostcases,sharesofthenewentityaredistributedtotheparentcompany'sexistingshareholdersorsold.24•WhySpin-off?Unrelatedbusinessesmaybeseparated.Forexample,adiversifiedcompanymayhaveafastgrowingsoftwareorInternetbusinessthatislargelyignoredornotvaluedbythemarketbecauseitisasmallpartofalargecompany.Thefastgrowingdivisionwouldlikelygarnerarichervaluation(P/Emultiple)asastand-alonebusiness.25•Highlydiversifiedcompanies(conglomerates)oftentradeatadiscount(reflectingtheforcedpurchaseofunwantedbusinesses.Thus,thespin-offofsuchabusinesscouldenhancethetotalvalueoftheparentshareholder'sholdings,sinceitmightbevaluedatlittleornothingaspartofthecurrentcorporatewhole.26•Spin-Offsoftenresultinahigheraggregatevaluefortheconstituentpieces.Manydiversifiedcompaniesareelectingtospinoffpartsoftheirbusiness,findingthatthisrestructuringtechniquecancreatesignificantvalueforshareholders.27•Sometimes,themotivationforaspin-offcomesfromthedesiretoseparateapoororunderperformingbusinesssothatanuntarnishedgoodbusinesscanshinethroughtoinvestors.•PortfolioManagementforCorporateSpin-offs28•March1,2000,LucentTechnologiesInc.announceditwouldspinoffthreebusinesses--itsPBX,orcompanyswitchboard,operations;Systimax,whichmakescablingsystemsforcorporatecampuses;anditslocal-areanetwork,orLAN-based,databusiness.29•August10,2000,EnergymarketerEnronCorphasannouncedithasnoplanstospinoffitsbroadbandcommunicationsbusinessasaseparatecompany,30股权切离(EquityCarve-out)将业务单元通过IPO出售部分股权,获得现金,仍然保持控制权31•EquityCarve-outs(PartialSpin-Off)theparentcorporationsellstothepublicaninterestoflessthan20%inthenewsubsidiaryinaSECregisteredpublicoffering(IPO)forcashproceeds.Often,anIPOinwhichtheparentcompanyretainsamajorityinterestinthenewcompany,32Thermo电子公司交易大事记月/年事件1/80在公开发售中售出585000股库存股票,价格为27.25美元/股。5/83将Thermedics公司的80000股以8美元/股的价格出售给VenrockAssociates。6/83Thermedics公司发售750000股的新股,价格为9.5美元/股,在8/
本文标题:公司重组模式
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