2015年职称英语考试卫生类教材新增文章汇总

2015年职称英语考试卫生类教材新增文章汇总第五篇TrackingDownHIVInthesummerof1980,apatienthadastrangepurplishspotremovedfrombelowhisear.ItwasKaposi’ssarcoma,arareformofskincancer.Thispatientalsohadlymphnodeswellingandexhaustion.InNovember1980,aLosAngelesimmunologistexaminedayoungmanwhohaddiseaseslinkedtoimmunesystemmalfunctions.ThedoctorhadaT-cellcounttakenofthepatient’sblood.T-cellsareatypeofwhitebloodcellthatplaysakeyrole1inimmuneresponses.ThepatienthadnohelperT-cells.Bytheendof1980,55Americanswerediagnosedwithinfectionsrelatedtoimmunesystembreakdown;fourhaddied.Ayearlaterthedeathtollwas74.IntravenousdrugusershadT-cellabnormalities.Peoplewhohadreceivedbloodtransfusionsshowedsymptomsofimmunesystembreakdown.ByJuly1982,471casesofthedisease,nowcalledAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome(AIDS),hadbeenreported;184peoplehaddied.InApril1984,AmericanvirologistDr.RobertGalloisolatedthepathogen,ordiseaseproducer,responsiblefor2AIDS.HecalleditHTLV-III.InParis,Dr.LucMontagnieridentifiedavirushecalledLAV.Aninternationalpanelofscientistsdeterminedthatbothmenhadfoundthesamevirus.ItbecameknownasHumanImmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV).BloodbanksbeganscreeningforHTVin1985,butbythenabout29,000peoplehadbeeninfectedthroughbloodtransfusions.Some12,000hemophiliacshadcontractedHIVthroughblood-clottingproducts.By1995,477,900AmericanshadAIDS;295,500haddied.In1996,researchersannounceddrugsthatreducedHIVininfectedpeople.TodayscientistsaretestingvaccinesandbelievethatifHIVcanbesuppressed,thenperhapsitcanbeeradicated3,butitisstillaraceagainsttime.词汇：spotn.地点，斑点，斑块，青春痘lymphn.淋巴结sarcoman.肿瘤，肉瘤，恶性毒瘤exhaustionn.衰竭，耗尽，精疲力竭immunologistn.免疫学家malfunctionn.故障，失灵，疾病countn.计数，计算infectionn.传染病，感染breakdownn.故障，衰弱，崩溃tolln.代价，死亡人数intravenousdrugn.静脉注射药物abnormalitiesn.(abnormality的复数形式)畸形，异常情况bloodtransfusionn.输血symptomn.症状virologistn.病毒学家virusn.病毒paneln.座谈小组，仪表板hemophiliacn.血友病患者vaccinen.疫苗注释：1.playakeyrole...扮演一个关键角色，有至关重要的作用2.beresponsiblefor...对……负责，是……的原因3.canbeeradicated可以被根除的练习：1.Thispassageismainlyabout____.AthespreadingofthediseaseknownasHIVBtheworkofDr.RobertGalloCinfectiousdiseasesDthesymptomsofHIV2.AT-cellisa____.Apatient’sbloodBdeadlystrainoftuberculosisCwhitebloodcellimportantinprovidingimmunitytodiseaseDredbloodcell3.Thefinalparagraphleadsthereadertoseethatscientists____.AhavenohopeineverfindingacureforHIVBhavehopethatacureforHIVwillbefoundChaverunoutoftimetofindacureforHIVDareinacontestagainsteachothertofindacureforHIV4.Thebasicpatternusedtodevelopthispassageis____.AchronologicalorderBpersonalnarrativeCcomparisonandcontrastDquestionandanswer5.Thewordueradicatedthelastparagraphmeans____.AmadeextremeBcelebratedCremovebyrubbingDgottenridofentirely答案与题解：1.A从开篇的病例介绍，到后面感染人数的不断上升可以推断出，这篇文章的主旨是讲艾滋病病毒在美国的传播。从第二段中的最后一句话可以看出，人们最初对艾滋病的冠名是在1982年7月，而那时全美已有病例471起，并有184人死亡了，因此可以推断出是讲该病毒的传播的。2.C第一段的最后一句话里对T细胞进行了定义，即其为白细胞的一种，并在免疫效应中起关键作用，因此答案是选项3.B文章最后一段的最后一句话提到了解题线索，即现在科学家正在测试预防艾滋病的疫苗，他们相信，如果该病毒能被抑制，就可能被根治。4.A该题为对文章线索总结题，chronologicalorder意思为“按照时间次序”，chronological意思为“时间的”，从该文中的几个时间点来看，人们对于艾滋病的接触、了解、应对、研究，应该是按照不同年份进行的，故答案为选项A。5.D本题为词义推断题，eradicate的本义为“根除”，本题的解题线索在最后一段最后一句话的前半句，即“TodayscientistsaretestingvaccinesandbelievethatifHIVcanbesuppressed”，只要了解suppress的词义，即“抑制”，那么结合后面then(于是，那么)这个关联词就可以推断出后面的动词短语应该和“根治”有关，本题选项中的前三个选项均不含该意思，故答案为选项D。选项A为“成为极端”，选项B为“庆祝”，选项C为“通过摩擦被消除”，和前句大意均不相符。第二篇TheHopeChildren’sHospiceTheHopeChildren’sHospiceprovidesfreespecialistcareforchildrenwithlife-limitingconditionswhoarenotexpectedtoliveintoadulthood.Itcaresforuptoeightterminally-illchildrenatonetime,andaimstocarefortheminthesamewaytheirfamilieswouldcareforthemathome.____1____Life-limitingconditionspresentmanylong-termmedicalandemotionalproblems-notonlyforthechild,butforparentsandsiblingstoo.Sothehospiceoffersrespitecare-shortstaysforthechildaloneorforthewholefamilytogether.____2____Shortstaysgiveterminally-illchildrenanopportunitytomeetotherswithsimilarconditions.Eachchildatthehospicehastheirowncarerandtheirowncareplan.Anormaldaymightstartwithajacuzzibathfollowedbyamassagefromacomplementarytherapist.____3____Thehospicehasamulti-sensoryroom.____4____Ithastouch-screencomputers,videogames,paddlingpools,antispaceforwheelchairdancing.Childrenhavemusictherapyandcanrecordtheirownmusic,notonlyasawaytoexpresstheirfeelings,buttoleavesomethingfortheirfamilyandfriendstolistentointheyearstocome.Thehospicehasanumberofquietmomswherewecareforchildrenduringandafterdeath.____5____Oursupportdoesnotendwithdeath.Wehelpnotjustgrievingparents,butalsosiblingswhoareexperiencingbereavement.Wegiveeveryoneopportunitiestodiscusstheirfearsaboutdeathanddying.词汇：hospicen.收容所，救济院，临终关怀respiten.缓期执行caren.临时看护adulthoodn.成年，成人期siblingn.兄弟姊妹therapistn.理疗币paddlingn.划动pooln.戏水池bereavementn.丧亲，丧友注释：1.liveintoadulthood...长大成人，活到成年2.intheyearstocome...在大限将至之日，最后期限临近之时练习：ATheseareplaceswherefamiliesandfriendscansaygoodbye.BSomechildrengotoschool,whileothersplaywithhospiceplayspecialists.CWhenfamiliesprefertodothecaringthemselves,ahospicecarerwillgototheirhomeandhelpthem.DThisisaspecialroomwhichstimulatesthechildren’ssenseswithlights,music,touch,andsme