选修7动词不定式与被动语态Unit2-Grammar[1]-2

GrammarPassiveVoice一.复习被动语态(RevisethePassiveVoice)英语动词有主动语态（theactivevoice）和被动语态（thepassivevoice）两种形式。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Everyoneenjoysexcitingsports.(主动语态)Excitingsportsareenjoyedbyeveryone.(被动语态)Musicisbeingtaught(byMissLi)now.转换规则：用公式表示为:(主动)S+V+OS(O)+V(be+V-ed)+by+O(S),如：MissLiisteachingmusicnow.一般：bedone进行：bebeingdone完成：havebeendone一般进行完成现在am/is/aregiven过去was/weregiven将来shall/willbegiven时式二、常见主被动时态变化一览表am/is/arebeinggivenhas/havebeengivenwas/werebeinggivenhadbeengivenshall/willhavebeengiven1.Englishisspokenallovertheworld.2.Thewaterisbeingturnedintovapour.3.Thoseroomshavenotbeencleanedyet.4.Hewasseentoentertheroom.5.Atthattimetheywerebeingshownhowtorunthemachine.6.Radioshadjustbeeninventedthen,andpeopleweretalkingaboutsendingpicturesbyelectricity.7.MadameCuriewillalwaysberememberedasthediscovereroftheelementradium.8.Beforeyoucomeback,thebuildingwillhavebeenfinished.不定式被动式的用法:不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时,要用不定式的被动式。一般被动式即tobedone表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生;完成被动式即tohavebeendone表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。e.g.Heorderedthebridgetobebuiltwithinthemonth.他命令在月内建成这座桥。(一般被动式)Shewasgladtohavebeengivensomuchhelp.得到如此多的帮助,她很高兴。(完成被动式)三.动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览表一般式进行式完成式主动todotobedoingtohavedone被动tobedonetohavebeendone(1)Themeetingtobeheldisofgreatimportance.(2)Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearisjustbetweentheonebuiltlastyearandtheonebeingbuiltnow.(3)Thishouseseemstohavebeenbuiltbyagoodarchitect.Moreexamples:通常在believe,suppose,say,report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换。如：TheysaythatMikeissickinbed.ItissaidthatMikeissickinbed.Mikeissaidtobesickinbed.据说麦克卧床不起.Peoplebelievethathewaskilled.Itisbelievedthathewaskilled.Heisbelievedtohavebeenkilled.大家相信他被杀了。二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式,在句中作主语、宾语、定语,或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.(主语)Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(宾语)Hethoughtitanhonortohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.(复合宾语)Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.(复合谓语)Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.(定语)三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1.在therebe结构中。例如：Thereisalotofhomeworktodo.(也可用tobedone)Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).2.在“n／pron+be+adj+todo”结构中。常用的形容词有easy,difficult,hard,impossible,nice,pleasant,light,heavy,fit,interesting,important,expensive,cheap,dangerous等。如：Heishardtoconvince.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith．3.在“too…todo;…enoughtodo”结构中。如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout/(tobeworkedout)．Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.4.在“with+n+todo”结构中。例如：Withnothingtodo,helayinbed．Withsomanyexercisestodo,Ican’tgotothecinema．5.当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。如：Ihavealettertotypetoday．(I是totype的逻辑主语)Doyouhaveanythingtosay?(you是tosay的逻辑主语)6.当不定式隐含在forsb.todo结构中时。例如：Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus／youtoread)．Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse．7.一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租),rent,hire,blame等。例如：Thehouseistolet．Ifeltlwastoblame.8.不定式同疑问词连用时.Insociety,Ireallydon’tknowwhotocompletefairlywith.NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍,有时(尤其在口语中)虽然意思上是被动的,也往往用主动语态形式来表示。Ihavethreemotorstorepairtoday.Thetaskisdifficulttofinishontime.I.根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完整。1.Hewantedtheletter__________(type)atonce.2.Itisthefirstsuchproject______________(design)byChineseengineers.tobetypedtobedesigned3.Theyknewhim___________________(arrest)bythepolice.4.He’llshowyoutherightpath_______(take).5.Hesaidhewas_________(send)theretoattendanimportantmeetingnextFriday.tohavebeenarrestedtotaketobesent6.Shedidn’twantherson___________(take)away.7.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears________________(tell)everything.8.Sheisbusypreparingfortheexams__________(hold)nextmonth.9.Hehurriedtothestationonly______(tell)thatthetrainhadleft.tobetakentohavebeentoldtobeheldtobetold1.Gooverkeywordsandexpressions.2.Gooverthegrammaranddotheexerciseonpage14inthetextbook.HomeworkEx.2P.14★1.tobedesigned★2.toberebuilt★3.tobeaccompaniedby★4.tobeknownas★5.tobefilledwith★6.tobetestedout★7.tobeenvied★8.tobesetaside2Choosetheverbsinthepassivetocompletethepassage.3listdivideconnectattachaccompanyorganizesurroundOnthemorningofDecember10th,MarionbegantowritehercardsforChristmas.Thereweresomany.ShelookedatthelistofChristmascardsthatsheplannedtosend.They______________inthealphabeticalorderofthereceivers’familynames.Thereweresixtyinall.Thecardswould___________intosixpilesoften.SheplannedtowriteafeweveryafternoonBecausefromthenontillChristmashertimewould_________intoshopping,cookingaswellaswritingthecards.Butthatwerelistedbedividedbeorganizedafternoontherewouldbenotimeforcards.Shewasgoingtolearnhowtodisplayflowersbeautifully.Shewas_________________________byherneighbor,Sally.They___________________toacommunityprogram.ThenonChristmasDaytheirfamilieswould________________bylovelyflowerdisplays,excellentpresents,andaboveallfamilyaffection.Marion______________toherfamilyandenjoyedmakingthemhappy.Thinkingofthatshesighedhappilyandbegantowritethefirstcard.tobeaccompaniedwereconnectedbesurroundedbeattachedbeattachedto1)喜爱2)跟….一起RulesforpolitebehaviorinChina.41.Itisimpolitetoleavebeforeelderlypeopleinpublic.2.Tointerruptyourparents’conversationisconsideredrude.3.Itispoliteforyoutostandupwhenyouaretalkingtoa