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英语时态语法(现在进行时,一般过去时,过去完成时,现在完成时,一般将来时)一.现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作构成:主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其他成分Wearehavinglunch.Heisreadingabook.Thedogisrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Arewehavinglunch?Ishereadingabook?Isthedogrunningafteracat?Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?★变否定句在be动词后面加notWearenothavinglunch.Heisnotreadingabook.Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.★特殊疑问句:what,which,how,where,who,etc疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词Whatareyoudoing?Whatisshedoing?Whatisthedogdoing?没有进行时的动词(必背)表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1.表示感觉,感官的词:see,hear,like,love,want2.have,has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时二.一般过去式:表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago构成:含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,am,is的过去式为was,are的过去式为wereIwasatthebutcher’s.Youwereastudentayearago.Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Wereyouatthebutcher’s?Wereyouastudentayearago?Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?★变否定句在be动词后面加notIwasnotatthebutcher’s.Youwerenotastudentayearago.Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.★肯定回答/否定回答Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasnot.Yes,youwere./No,youwerenot.Yes,he/shewas./No,he/shewasnot.★特殊疑问句Whatdidyoudo?(必背)不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboywenttoarestaurant.TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.★变疑问句在句首加did,动词变为原型Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?Didtheboygotoarestaurant?DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?★变否定句在主语和动词之间加didnotIdidnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.Yes,hedid.No,hedidn’t.Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.三.过去完成时用法:在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的那个动作要用过去完成时。结构:had+过去分词Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后则不用加。1.变疑问句:将助动词移到句首Hadshefinishedherhomework?2.变否定句:在助动词后面加notShehadn’tfinishedherhomework.3.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,shehad.No,shehadn’t.4.特殊疑问句:Whathadshedone?四.现在完成时构成:主语+助动词have,has+过去分词用法:1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用Ihavejusthadlunch.(饱了,不用再吃了)Hehashadacupoftea.(不渴了,不用再喝)Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.(不能再度假了)Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.(已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了)2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?HaveyoubeentoBeijing?Haveheseenthefilm?3)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.4)表示一种经历,经验:去过。。。地方,做过。。。事情,经历过。。。事情Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.IhaveeverbeentoParis.Havebeento表示去过,havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.(人已经回来)HehasgonetoLondon.(人还在那里)5)表示一种结果,一般不和时间副词联用Ihavelostmypen.Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.Shehasbrokenmyheart.句型变化:★变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加notHaveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.★特殊疑问句:Whathaveyoudone?Whathashedone?一般过去式与现在完成时的区别:凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意:有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用。错:I’veleftBeijingfor3days.对:IleftBeijing3daysago.IhavebeenawayfromBeijingfor3days.五.一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作,经常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehours'time,etc.表示将来的词联用。结构:主语+助动词will+动词原形IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.★变疑问句将助动词移到句首WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?★变否定句在助动词后面加notIwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iwill./No,Iwillnot.Yes,he/shewill./No,he/shewillnot.Yes,hewill./No,hewillnot.★特殊疑问句Whatwillyoudo?【Be动词用法】be动词(am、is、are)+not情态动词can+not助动词(do、does)+not如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:1、看句中有无be动词,如有,直接在be动词后+not。2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,直接在情态动词后+not。3、如上述二者都没有,就应用助动词+not。分四个步骤:(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。(2)确定助动词用do、does,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does(3)在助动词后加not(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。★强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。【一般疑问句】如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为一般疑问句:1、看句中有无be动词,如有,把be动词提到句首即可。2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。3、如上述二者都没有,就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤:(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。(2)确定助动词用do还是does,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does(3)把助动词后提到句首。(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。【特殊疑问句】疑问词意思用法Whattime什么时间问具体时间,如几点钟when问时间表示大概时间Whatday问星期问星期几Whatdate问日期问几月几号Who谁问人Whose谁的问主人Where在哪里问地点What什么问东西、事物Whatcolour什么颜色问颜色Howold多大年纪问年纪Howmany多少数量(可数名词)问数量Howmuch多少钱;多少数量(不可数名词)问多少钱或数量(不可数名词)
本文标题:小学五年级下英语语法总结
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