阅读理解文章结构

阅读理解专项指导（4）文章结构及写作手法专题文章结构题所谓文章结构题，就是指那些针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的发展层次所设置的问题。这类题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推测、归纳和总结的能力。一、设题方式1.Whatistherightorderofthestepsindoing...?2.Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby...3.Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?4.Whichofthefollowingpictureshowsthestructureofthepassage?5.Inthenextpart,theauthorwouldmostprobablydiscusswithyou/talkabout...6.Thefollowingparagraph/sentence”…”shouldbeput…7.Theauthoranswersthequestionraisedinthefirstparagraphwith...二、解题策略(1)了解文章结构的组织形式从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种总分式结构(总→分；总→分→总；分→总)并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)注意段落主题句和衔接词(2)了解文章的写作手法高考阅读理解中主要考查以下写作手法下定义(definition)、分类说明(classification)、列举例证(listingexamples)、对比(makingcomparison，contrast)、过程，程序（process）引用（quote，quotation）其中“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。二、解题策略二、解题策略（3）了解文章的体裁1.说明性体裁Description（描述）Explanation（解释）Discussion（讨论）2.议论性体裁a.现象解释类：现象→分析→结论或现象→结论→分析b.观点论证类：提出观点—分析观点—重申观点c.匹配对比类：分别阐述两种观点—得出结论二、解题策略这类题型的解题关键在于找出篇章或段落中表示层次发展的关键词，如表示时间、方位、因果关系或对比的关联词等等。例1：Armstrongshowedagreattalentformusicwhenhewastaughttoplaythecornet(短号)ataboy’shome.Inhislateteens,Armstrongbegantolivethelifeofamusician.Heplayedinparades,clubs,andonthesteamboatsthattraveledontheMississippiRiver.Atthattime,NewOrleanswasfamousforthenewmusicofjazzandwashometomanygreatmusicians.Armstronglearnedfromtheoldermusiciansandsoonbecamerespectedastheirequal.(2007年陕西卷A篇)42.Thethirdparagraphisdeveloped________.A.byspaceB.byexamplesC.bytimeD.bycomparison例2.Womenwhowaittohaveababyuntilaftertheyhaveestablishedtheircareeraremorelikelytosufferfrompost-natal(产后的)depression,scientistssay.Oldermothersaremorelikelyto‘over-prepare’fortheirfirst-bornandstrugglewhenthingsdon’tgoasplanned,astudysuggests.（一轮No.41PassageA）38.Theauthorbeginsthepassageby______.A.explainingaphenomenonB.introducingoldermothersC.makingacomparisonD.presentingafindingTohelpmeetthesechallengesandtakeadvantageoftheseopportunities,theNationalParkServicehasformedpartnershipswithotheragencies,stateandlocalgovernments,corporations,AmericanIndiantribesandAlaskaNations,ParkFriendsgroups,cooperatingassociations,privateorganizations,communitygroupsandindividualswhosharetheNationalParkethic.(一轮18passageB)41.Whatdoyouthinktheparagraphfollowingthepassagewillbeabout?A.Itwillgivesomeinformationaboutothernationalparks.B.ItwilldescribehowthepartnerscelebratetheNationalParkWeek.C.ItwillbeabouttheworkdonebysomeNationalParkServicepartners.D.Itwillsaysomethingaboutwhattodoinpreservingthenationalresourcesinthefuture.(更多例题参考一轮10B，16A，28B)Practice：《零距离》第6课时：【典题导引】（B，C）；【随堂反馈】（A，B）；Homework1.《零距离》第6课时：【课后巩固】（P147-150）；