高增益全向天线的设计

南京工程学院毕业设计说明书(论文)作者：***学号：***系部：通信工程学院专业：通信工程题目：高增益全向天线的设计指导者：***教授评阅者：***讲师2013年6月南京DesignontheHigh-gainOmnidirectionalAntennasADissertationSubmittedtoNanjingInstituteofTechnologyFortheAcademicDegreeofBachelorofScienceByJianjunLuSupervisedbyProf.QiWangCollegeofCommunicationEngineeringNanjingInstituteofTechnologyJune2013南京工程学院毕业设计说明书（论文）1摘要本课题设计和研究了一种高增益全向天线，天线采用分段线结构，并用电感线圈进行加载，有效增益达到7dB左右，可工作在频率为2.4GHz附近且在工作频率范围内驻波比小于2。课题的主要工作是分析了天线产生高增益的基本原理，研究阵列结构和加载技术，通过改变阵列之间距离的加载大小，实现在水平面方向图的压缩。本研究主要采用基于有限积分法的电磁仿真技术来实现，并通过CST仿真技术对天线的方向图和回波损耗进行研究得到相关数据。在仿真计算的基础上，构建天线的实验模型，对影响天线特性的主要因素进行了仿真比较研究，得出一些重要结论。通过制作实物模型，并用矢量网络分析仪来测出数据，验证仿真结果的正确性，结果表现出较好的一致性。设计过程中还通过软、硬件相结合的方法，测量了天线的辐射特性，进一步验证了所设计天线的高增益性能。关键词：全向天线，阵列，高增益，方向图，驻波比，CST南京工程学院毕业设计说明书（论文）2AbstractAhighgainomni-directionalunipoleantennaisstudiedinthispaper.Theantennaadoptsthesegmentedlinestructureandusesinductivecoilforloading.Theeffectivegainoftheantennacanreachto7dBanditcanworkinthefrequencybandof2.4GHzandtheVSWRislessthan2.Themaintaskofthepaperistoanalyzethebasictheoryofthehighgainantenna.Thearraystructureandloadingtechniquesarealsoinconsideration.Throughchangingthedistancebetweenthearraysegments,theradiationpatterncanbecompressedinhorizontaldirection.ThisresearchadoptselectromagneticsimulationtechnologyCSTtorealize,whichisbasedonthemethodoffiniteintegral.ThroughtheCSTsimulation,Icangettherelationshipofreturnlossvsfrequncyandotherrelevantdata.accordingtothesimulation,optimizationandanalyses,theauthorconstructedaexprimentmodelandmeasureditsvoltagestationalwaveratiobyusingthevectornetworkanalyzerandgoodresultshasbeenseen.Theauthoralsoadopttheindirectmethodofcombingthesoftwarewiththehardwaretomeasuretheantennaradiationcharacteristicsoftheantenna.Itisprovedthattheantennahasthepropertyofthehigh-gainantenna.Keywords：Omni-directionalantenna,Array,HighGain,Pattern,VSWR,CST南京工程学院毕业设计说明书（论文）3目录第1章绪论..............................................................................................51.1选题背景及意义...............................................................................51.2研究现状.........................................................................................51.3本文研究内容及安排.......................................................................6第2章天线基本理论与技术发展............................................................72.1天线的的主要性能参数...................................................................72.1.1天线的带宽............................................................................72.1.2辐射方向图............................................................................72.1.3驻波比和增益.........................................................................92.1.4极化特性..............................................................................102.1.5天线的波瓣宽度....................................................................112.2天线阵列的研究............................................................................112.2.1天线阵列的原理...................................................................112.2.2天线阵列的分类...................................................................12第3章高增益全向天线的特点和实现方式...........................................143.1单极子天线，偶极子天线.............................................................143.2螺旋电感加载天线........................................................................143.2.1加载天线...............................................................................143.2.2电感.....................................................................................153.2.3电感线圈的主要特性参数....................................................163.2.4电感加载单极子天线的特点................................................163.3高增益天线与全向天线.................................................................163.3.1全向天线..............................................................................163.3.2高增益天线..........................................................................17第4章有限积分法与CST仿真技术.....................................................184.1有限积分法介绍............................................................................184.1.1场域离散化..........................................................................184.1.2方程离散化..........................................................................184.2CST仿真软件介绍.........................................................................20第5章高增益全向天线的设计与研究...................................................21南京工程学院毕业设计说明书（论文）45.1高增益全向天线的设计.................................................................215.2CST仿真技术在高增益全向天线设计中的应用............................215.2.1螺旋电感线圈的构建...........................................................215.2.2普通单极子模型的构建和研究.............................................235.2.3用CST构建高增益全向天线模型.........................................245.3仿真结果的处理分析..................................................................275.3高增益全向天线的制作与测试.....................................................375.4矢量网络分析仪的校正与测试过程..............................................395.4.1矢量网络分析仪的简介.........................................................395