托福独立写作-支持段

托福独立写作之支持段whyO.G.(第四版)P207HowEssaysAreScored评分人会评估考生作文的质量，即评估考生如何展开论点、组织文章结构，并运用语言表达自己的观点。展开论点就是用各种支持内容（包括事例、细节、理由等）来支持文章的观点。要得高分，就得按照评分指导的原则写作文---“很好地展开论点、运用恰当清晰的解释、例证和细节”。what组织结构：1.基本展开模式内容展开：2.如何写作3.注意点4.练习基本展开模式TS+Exp+Exa+Cc一、主题句二、解释三、举例与细节四、结论Youngpeoplenowaremorelikelytohelpothersthanyoungpeoplewereinthepast.(2013.1.26CN)主题句示例1.Workingathomeorworkingintheoffice.(2010.6.12)Workingathomeismoreconvenient2.Travellingorsavingmoney.(2009.3.14)Travelingmakespeoplehealthier主题句示例3.Parentsshouldencouragetheirchildrentodotheirhomeworkindependentlyratherthanhelpthemtodoit.(2011.11.12)Allowingchildrentodotheirworkindependentlyhelpsbuildconfidence.主题句示例4.Governmentsshouldfocusonthepreservationoftheenvironmentthanontheeconomicdevelopment.(2009.3.22)ThedevelopingcountrieslikeAfricashouldfocusontheeconomicdevelopment.直接简短表达观点避免婉转冗长一、不用冗长模板Thefirstreasonhereshouldbe…二、适宜用短句：1.Ifpeopleoftengotravelling,theywillbehealthier.2.Whenwetalkaboutoldpeople,Ithinktheycanbebettertakencareofiftheyliveinthebigcities.主题句练习2012年10月14日NAIfparentswanttheirchildrentoperformwellinschool,theyshouldlimitthehoursthattheirchildrenspendwatchingTV.TS：watchingTVwilldistractstudentsfromtheirschoolwork.主题句练习2012年3月10日NAIfyouneedtodiscussupsettingorcontroversialproblemswithothers,youwillusee-mailortextmessaging,ORusethetelephoneorvoice-messaging.TS：usingtextmessagingtodiscusssuchproblemscanhelpmecalmdownandthinktwicebeforearrivingatasolution.解释1.Why--为什么要这样？2.How--怎么会这样？3.What--这样了又怎么样？4.Ifnot--不这样会怎样？视情况而定解释示例1.Watchingmoviesathomeismoreconvenient.How(怎么会这样)2.Parentshelpingchildrendotheirhomeworkcansavealotoftime.What(这样了又怎么样）解释示例3.Parentslettingchildrenmakemistakesandlearningfrommistakescanmakechildrenimpressed.Why(为什么要这样)4.Forsomespecialmistakes,parentsshouldstopthemintime.Ifnot(不这样会这样)Commonsense:exerciseisgoodforhealth举例与细节细节—对主题句关键字或者关键情节的细化高科技通讯设备让我们保持联系，分享经历1.高科技——电话、短信、微博、语聊2.经历——求学、求职、旅游、交友Usingmachinestodoworkismuchfasterandmoreefficientthanusingyourhandstodoit.Machines:washingmachine;computer举例1细例2范例细例Learningaboutlifebylisteningtotheadviceofothersorthroughpersonalexperience?Finally,Ithinkitisimportanttolearnaboutlifethroughpersonalexperiencebecauseitsamuchmoreinterestingwaytolearn.Ifoneneverexperiencedanythingforoneself,lifewouldbeveryboring.(Forexample,afriendtoldmethatUrumchiwasacitythatIwouldnotenjoyvisiting.Hesaidtherewerenotmanyattractionsthere,andthereweremanyotherbeautifulplacesinChinathatIshouldgoinstead.Inspiteofthiswarning,IwenttoseeUrumchiformyself.Ididnotthinkthecitywasspectacular,butIdidhaveagoodtimeonmytrip,andwasgladthatIwent.Havingthisexperienceofgoingtotheplacewasworthwhileenoughforme.)细例Landforhumanneedsorendangeredanimals?Oneoftheimportantreasonstoprotectendangeredanimalsisthatthedelicateecologicalbalanceofanareamightbeirreparablyharmedbytheirextinction.(Forexample,ifhumanschopdownforestsandusethelandtogrowcorn,theymightsimultaneouslydestroythehabitatsofakindofbirdthateatslocusts.Thenextyearbecausethelocustpopulationcangrowunchecked,locustsmightdestroytheentirenearbycorncrop.Notonlydothebirdslosetheirhomes,buthumansarealsoharmed.)Theecologicalbalanceofmanynaturalhabitatsisstillnotwellunderstoodandhumansinterfereinitattheirperil.泛例Onlypeoplewhoearnalotofmoneyaresuccessful.Manypeoplebelievethatthemainmeasureofsuccessishappiness,ratherthanmaterialgoods.Withouthappiness,evenapersonwithmoney,statusandchildrenwouldnotbesuccessful.However,1alowpaidschoolteachermightthinkhe/shewasverysuccessfulifhe/shesucceededingettingchildrentolearntheirmaterialwell.2Orperhapsahousewife,whomakesnomoneyofherown,wouldfeelsuccessfulifsheraisedahealthy,well-adjustedchildandkeptherhomelookingwonderful.泛例Dofamousathletesandentertainersdeservehighsalaries?Second,thesestarsdeservetomakealotofmoneybecausetheymustgiveuptheirprivacytoservethepublic.1Assoonasstarsleavetheirhomes,theyaresubjectedtoconstantlybeingpesteredbypeoplewhowanttheirautographsorwanttotakepicturesofthem.2Famouspeoplemustundergotheintensescrutinyofthemedia;3televisionandnewspaperreporterstakenoteofeveryactionthesepeopledo,andpublicizeit.Again,thisisadifficultlifestyletolead,asonemustconstantlybecarefulofwhatonesaysinpublic.