Herman-Melville-作家及作品介绍

Puritanism(Calvinism),Transcendentalism,Symbolism,IndividualismHermanMelville(1819-1891)HermanMelville(1819-1891)1)Novelist2)Symbolism+allegory3)Moby-Dick(awhitewhale):Hisbestworkandmasterpiece;thefirstAmericanproseepic.（散文体史诗）Melville’smajorworks1)Earlyworks:Mardi;Redburn;WhiteJacketMoby-Dick2)Lateworks:Pierre;BillyBuddMelville’sviewpoints1.ApartfromHawthorne,whoseblackvisionregardingtheevilofhumanbeingshadinsomewaychangedMelville’soutlookonlifeandwhoseallegoricalwayofexpositionhadaffectedhiswritingtechniques,ShakespeareantragicvisionandEmersionianTranscendentalismalsoproducedsomepositiveeffectofhiswriting.Melville’sviewpoints2.Intheearlyones,Melvilleismoreenthusiasticaboutsettingoutonaquestforthemeaningoftheuniverse,hencetheyaremoremetaphysical形而上学的,超自然的andthemaincharactersareardent激烈的andself-dramatizing自我中心的“I”,defyingGod,asbestreflectedonMoby-Dick;whileinthelateworks,Melvillebecomesmorereconciledwiththeworldofman,inwhich,headmits,onemustlivebyrules.2001.429.MostofHermanMelville’snovelsarebasedonseavoyagesandseaadventures.Whichofthefollowingisnotthecase?A.Typee.B.Moby-Dick.C.Omoo.D.TheConfidence-ManMoby-DickisregardedasthefirstAmericanproseepic.AnalysisofMoby-Dick1.Thestory2.Theme:surfaceanddeepinterpretations3.Structure:acombinationofromanticismandrealism4.Symbolismandallegory5.Artisticfeatures:1)Languagestyle;2)writingstyle6.Theexcerpt1.ThestoryThestorygoesroughlyasfollows.TheoutcastyouthIshmael,feelingdepressed,seeksescapebygoingouttoseaonthewhalingship,Pequod.ThecaptainisAhab,themanwithoneleg.Moby-Dick,thewhitewhale,hadshearedoff折断hislegonapreviousvoyage,andAhabresolvestohunthimtothekill.Hehangsadoubloon（古金币）onthemastasrewardforanyonewhosightsthewhalefirst.ThepequodmakesagoodcatchofwhalesbutAhabrefusestoturnbackuntilhehaskilledhisenemy.1.ThestoryEventuallythewhaleappears,thePequodbeginsitsdoomedfightwithit.Onthefirstday,thewhaleoverturnsaboat;ontheseconditswampsanother.Ehenthethirddaycomes,Ahabandhiscrewmanagetoplunge使插入aharpoonintoit,butthewhalecarriesthePequodalongwithittoitsdoom.Allonboardthewhaleshipgetdrowned,exceptone,Ishmael,whosurvivestotellthetale.2.Theme:surfaceanddeepinterpretations1)Surfaceinterpretation:Thestoryisnotcomplicated,dealingwithAhab,amanwithanoverwhelmingobsessiontokillthewhalewhichhascrippledhim,onboardhisshipPequodinthechaseofthebigwhale.Thedramaticdescriptionofthehazardsofwhalingmakesthebookaveryexcitingseanarrativeandbuildsaliterarymonumenttoaneraofwhalingindustryinthenineteenthcentury.2.Theme:surfaceanddeepinterpretations2)DeepinterpretationButMoby-Dickisnotmerelyawhalingtaleorseaadventure,consideringthatMelvilleisagreatsymbolist.Itturnsouttobeasymbolicvoyageofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeoftheuniverse,aspiritualexplorationintoman’sdeeprealityandpsychology.3.Thestructure:acombinationofromanticismandrealismItisamixtureoffantasy（幻想）andrealismbasedupontheSouthPacificwhalingindustry;itmightbereadasaninitiation（beginning）storyaboutIshmael,theoutcast,findinghimselfinarealworldofhardworkanddangerandanunrealworldofspeculation（思索）andmystery;3.Thestructure:acombinationofromanticismandrealismmoreover,itisafabulous寓言般的dramatization戏剧化的表现ofAhab’sobsesseddeterminationtorevengehimselfinthepursuitofoneparticularwhalewhohaspreviouslydestroyedhisboatandhumiliatedhimbyrippingoffoneofhislegs.4.SymbolismandallegoryLikeHawthorne,Melvilleisamasterofallegoryandsymbolism.Differentpeopleonboardtheshiparerepresentationsofdifferentideasanddifferentsocialandethnicgroups;Factsbecomesymbolsandincidentsacquireuniversalmeanings.1)thePequodisthemicrocosm（微观世界）ofhumansociety.2)Thevoyagebecomesasearchfortruth.4.Symbolismandallegory3)Thewhitewhalemeansmanythings:①ToMelville,itsymbolizesnature,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant恶性的,andbeautifulaswell.②ToAhab,itrepresentsevil.Moby-Dickislikeawall,hidingsomeunknown,mysteriousthingsbehind.Ahabpursuedthewhalesoastopiercethewall,torootouttheevil,butonlytobedestroyedbyevil,inthiscase,byhisowndesire,hismadness.4.Symbolismandallegory③Totheauthor,thereaderandIshmael,thenarrator,MobyDickisamystery,amysteryofuniverse,inscrutable难以了解的andambivalent矛盾的,andthevoyageofthemindwillforeverremainasearch,notadiscovery,ofthetruth.5.Artisticfeatures1)LanguagefeaturesMoby-DickisregardedasthefirstAmericanepic.Althoughitispresentedintheformofanovel,attimesitseemslikeaprosepoem.Itisdifficulttoreadbecausemuchofthetalkinthenovelissailorstalkandmuchofthelanguageispurposelyold-fashionedandElizabethan.5.Artisticfeatures2)Writingstyle(1)Symbolism(2)Melville’sgiftsoflanguage,invention,psychologicalanalysis,speculativeagility思维的敏捷andnarrativepowerarefused溶为一体tomakeMoby-Dickaworldclassic.(3)TheskillfuluseofIshmaelbothasacharacterandnarratorgivesthenovelamoralmagnitude重要性.5.Artisticfeatures(4)Themanipulation操纵ofthewhalingchaptersforsomephilosophicalspeculation思索makesthenovelmorethansymbolic.(5)Differentlevelsoflanguageuseandstylesturnthewholebookintoasymphonywithallthemusicalinstrumentsgoingontoformamelody.5.Artisticfeatures(6)Melville’sknowledgeofepicandtragedy,thehighestliterarygenre