宾语从句ppt课件.ppt

什么是宾语Ilikemyteacher.（名词作宾语)Ienjoyplayingbasketball.(动名词作宾语）Idecidetostudyhard.（不定式作宾语）Iknowhim.（代词作宾语）宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。我们知道姚明WeknowYaoMing．我们知道他是一个著名的篮球运动员Weknow宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语，并有一个连接词引导。一什么是宾语从句？宾o宾o主s谓vheisafamousbasketballplayer主s谓v宾othat连接词我们知道他是一个著名的篮球运动员谓v主s宾语从句三要点一、语序二、引导词三、时态有哪些句子可以做宾语？1.陈述句Heisafamousbasketballplayer.2.一般疑问句Willourteachersattendthemeeting？3.特殊疑问句whichcoatdidyouprefer?Mynameis…Myfavoritesportis…Iam…Ispeak/have/like…Icanplay…Areyou…?Canyouplay…?Doyoudo…?Whereareyou…?Whatcanyoudo…?Howdoyoudo…?陈述句-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------一般疑问句特殊疑问句结构比较_____+____+…____主语谓语.?_______+_______+____特殊疑问词一般疑问句be情态动词助动词____/______/______+___+_____…______主语谓语?陈述句一般疑问句特殊疑问句_____+____+…____结构比较be情态动词助动词主语谓语____+____+…____.主语?_____+_______+…____特殊疑问词一般疑问句??____+______+…_____主语?_______+_______+…____主语结论:陈述句和疑问句最本质的区别是陈述句中的be动词,情态动词,助动词在主语后,而在疑问句中,它们则在主语前句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序2疑问句结构叫疑问语序将下列句子改成陈述句语序：1.Isthereabanknearhere?2.IsitonFifthAvenue?3.Aretheydoinghomework?Thereisabanknearhere.ItisonFifthAvenue.Theyaredoinghomework.4.Doessheworkinahospital?5.DidyougotoCenterPark?6.Dowehavetowearauniform?Sheworksinahospital.IwenttoCenterPark.Wehavetowearauniform.Theycanwearhatsinschool.7.Cantheywearhatsinschool?8.Where’syourpenpalfrom?9.Wheredoeshelive?10.Whatlanguagedoesshespeak?11.Whydoyoulikepandas?WhereyourpenpalisfromWherehelivesWhatlanguageshespeaksWhyyoulikepandas?1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.宾语从句的类型练一练1.Thisisabook.2.Youlikesinging.3.Heworkedlastnight.4.Theywillgohome.5.JimhasbeentoBeijing.6.Shesingswell.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Iknow…2.Shesays…3.Tellyourfriend…（that）一般疑问句做宾语我问他是否想去游泳1,改为陈述句语气，2，用if/whether连接IaskDoeshewanttogoswim?hewantstogoswimIf/whetherIask2.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.练一练1.Ishereading?2.Doyougetupatsix?3.DoesTomworkhard?4.DidyouwatchTV?5.Willtheyreadbooks?6.Canyousing?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Doyouknow…2.Iwanttoknow…3.Theteacherasks…if/whether特殊疑问句做宾语Whichcoatdidyoulikebest?Iwonderwhichcoatyoulikebest.用疑问引导，改为陈述语气。我想知道你最喜欢哪一条领带？Whichtiedoyoulikebest特殊疑问句变成陈述语序连接词就是疑问词本身IwonderIwonderwhichtieyoulikebest?3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.练一练1.Whatisthis?2.Whatareyoudoing?3.Wheredoyoulive?4.Whendoeshegetup?5.Howdidyougotowork?6.Whowillyouplaywith?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语句:1.Doyouknow…2.Iwanttoknow…3.Canyoutellme…4.Themanasked…1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。e.gIhear(that)TomhasbeentoGuilintwice.Ihear(that)shewillcometomorrow.Ihear(that)Jimwenttoworkanhourago.Ihear(that)heisinterestedinEnglish.宾语从句的时态的变化四.宾语从句中时态的变化Ihear(that)Jim(be)aworkertwoyearsago.Jim(be)anEnglishteachernow.Jim(cook)dinnertomorrow.Jim(sing)apopularsongnow.Jim(be)totheGreatWalltwice.Jim(play)basketballwhenhisfathercameback.Jim(learn)1000Chinesewordsbytheendoflastsemester.填一填wasiswillcookissinginghasbeenwasplayinghadlearned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。e.gHesaid(that)hewouldgotoXi’an.Hesaid(that)hewasillyesterday.Hesaid(that)hewasreadingabook.Hesaid(that)hehadhadsupperalready.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。e.gHesaidthatthesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatnonewsisgoodnews.ThePEteachersaidthatdoingmorningexerciseisusefultoourhealth.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）1)HewillgotoHongKong.2)Heissick.3)Heisreadingabook.4)Hehasfinishedhiswork.1)HetoHongKong.2)Hesick.3)Heabook.4)HeHesaid辨一辨wouldgowaswasreadinghiswork.hadfinished确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)主句时态从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时时态保持不变一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时宾语从句三要素引导词that（陈述句）if／whether（一般疑问句）特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句)时态主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时从句一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理自然现象公式定理名言警句时态不变七.本课小结Ⅰ.Findoutthemistakesandcorrectthem.1Couldyoutellmewheredotheylive?2SheknewthatDannyisastudent.3Hetoldmethatwinterwascolderthanautumn.4Doyouknowwhocaritis?找错误wasiswhoseII.改错：1.MissZhangaskedmewhywasIlateforschool.__________________________________________MissZhangaskedmewhyIwaslateforschool.2.Fathertoldmethesunalwaysroseintheeast.__________________________________________Fathertoldmethesunalwaysrisesintheeast.3.Hedoesn’tknowthatwhenshecancomeback.__________________________________________Hedoesn’tknowwhenshecancomeback.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系三、人称的变化1.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“IwasborninZhangjiajie.”Hesaid.→HesaidthathewasborninZhangjiajie.“Youmustgivememypen.”hetoldme-HetoldmethatImustgivehimhispen.“Theygotothepark.”shesaid.-Shesaidthattheywenttothepark.一随主二随宾第三人称不变化直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系三、