ISTA-1A标准(运输标准)

HomeAppendixAPackageTestingISTATestProcedure1AIntroductionInternationalSafeTransitAssociation(ISTA)ISTA,theassociationfortransportpackaging,isaninternationalleaderinadvancingthescienceofpackagingandtheuseofperformancetestingtechinques.Itsmembercompaniesaresupportedinthedevelopmentofeffectivepackaging,methods,andlogisticsystemsthatpreventorreducetransportationandhandlingdamageduringproductdistribution.ISTAtestproceduresarecontinuouslyunderreviewandupdatedperiodically.Toensurethatyouareutilizingthemostrecentpublicationofthetestprocedure,contactISTAat:INTERNATIONALSAFETRANSITASSOCIATION1400ABBOTTRDSTE160EASTLANSINGMI48823-1900Telephone:[phone]Fax:[phone]Internet:(150lb(68.2kg)orLess),iscopyrightedbyISTAandisreprintedherewithitspermission.PreshipmentTestingTheISTAPreshipmentTestProceduresprovideameansforamanufacturertopredeterminetheprobabilityofthesafearrivaloftheirpackagedproductsattheirdestinationthroughtheutilizationoftestsdevelopedtosimulatetheshocksandstressesnormallyencounteredduringhandlingandtransportation.ISTAhasconfineditstechnicalactivitiestothepackagedproductonly.Neithertheproductnorthecontainerisconsideredseparately.Thetests,itisstressed,arebasictests.Testlevelandsequenceshouldbechangedtoadapttoknowndistributionsituationsandthesechangesaredocumentedinthereport.Thesetestproceduresareperformancetestsand,whenproperlyapplied,willprovidetangiblebenefitsofreduceddamage,economicallybalancedcosts,andimprovedcustomersatisfaction.Itisalsoemphasizedthattheseproceduresarenotintendedtoevaluatetheprotectionaffordedpackagedproductsfromotherconditionssuchasmoisture,corrosion,contaminatingodors,etc.Theymayormaynotcomplywithcarrierrequirementsforpackaging.TomaintaincertifiedstatusandeligibilityforidentificationwiththeTRANSITTESTEDseal,eachpackagedproductmustberetestedwheneverachangeismadeineithertheproduct,theprocess,orthepackage.Changesinthepackagedproductincludechangesindesign,size,and/ormaterial.Asaqualitycontrolprocedure,packagedproductsshouldberetestedasfrequentlyasfeasible.VeryImportantISTA1SeriesIntegrityTestProcedureTheentiredocumentshallbereadandunderstoodbeforeproceedingwithatest.Therearethreesections:Overview,TestingandReport•Overviewprovidesthegeneralknowledgerequiredbeforegoingintothetestinglaboratoryand•Testingpresentsthespecificinstructionstodothetestinginthelaboratoryand•ReportindicateswhatdatashallberecordedtosubmitatestreporttoISTA.ISTATestProceduresandTestProjectsaretheworldwideleadersinPerformanceTestsforPackaged-Products.TwosystemsofweightsandmeasuresarepresentedinISTAtestprocedures.TheyaretheEnglishsystem(Inch-Pound)andtheinternationalsystemSI(Metric).Inch-PoundunitsareshownfirstwithMetricunitsinbrackets,exceptinsometableswheretheyareshownseparately.•Eithersystemmaybeusedastheunitofmeasure(standardunits),but•Thestandardunitschosenshallbeusedconsistentlythroughouttheprocedure.•Unitsareconvertedtotwosignificantfiguresand•Notexactequivalents.OverviewPrefaceTestProcedure1Aisanintegritytestforindividualpackaged-products.•Itcanbeusedtoevaluatetheperformanceofapackaged-product.•Itcanbeusedtocomparerelativeperformanceofpackageandproductdesignalternatives.•Thepackageandproductareconsideredtogetherandnotseparately.•Someconditionsoftransit,suchasmoisture,pressureorunusualhandling,maynotbecovered.OtherISTAProceduresmaybeappropriatefordifferentconditionsortomeetdifferentobjectives.Specificsuggestions:•Touserandomvibrationinsteadoffixeddisplacementvibration,useISTAIntegrityTestProcedure1Gandnot1A.•Forpackaged-productswhereaminimumcompressionvalueshouldbetested,useISTAIntegrityTestProcedure1C.•Forpackaged-productsintendedforinternationaldistributionconsiderISTAIntegrity-PlusTestProcedure2A.•Forpackaged-productsthatmaybetransportedinasmallparceldeliverysystemconsiderISTAGeneralSimulationTestProcedure3C.•RefertoGuidelinesforSelectingandUsingISTAProjectsandProceduresforadditionalinformation.ISTA1Seriestestsarebasicteststhatconsistofintegritytestprocedures.•Theyarenotsimulationsofactualtransporthazards,and•donotnecessarilycomplywithcarrierpackagingregulations.Whenproperlyapplied,ISTAprocedureswillprovidetangiblebenefitsof:•reduceddamage,•economicallybalancedcostsand•improvedcustomersatisfaction.ScopeTestProcedure1Acoverstestingofindividualpackaged-productsweighing150pounds(68.2kg)orlesswhenpreparedforshipment.Note:Tobeeligibleformailing,asingleparcelcannotexceed70pounds.ProductDamageToleranceandDegradationAllowanceTheshippershalldeterminethefollowingpriortotesting:•Whatconstitutesdamagetotheproductand•whatdamagetolerancelevelisallowable,ifany,and•thecorrectmethodologytodetermineproductconditionattheconclusionofthetestand•theacceptablepackageconditionattheconclusionofthetest.ForadditionalinformationonthisdeterminationprocessrefertoGuidelinesforSelectingandUsingISTAProjectsandProcedures.SamplesSamplesshouldbetheuntestedactualpackageandproduct,butifoneorbotharenotavailable,thesubstitutesshallbeasidenticalaspossibletoactualitems.•Numb