Unit-3-fame-and-Success(1)

Unit3(1)1Unit3(1)Exercise:CarefulReading(25minutes)Passage1Likemanyofmygeneration,Ihaveaweaknessforheroworship.Atsomepoint,however,weallbegintoquestionourheroesandourneedforthem.Thisleadsustoask:Whatisahero?Despiteimmensedifferencesincultures,heroesaroundtheworldgenerallyshareanumberofcharacteristicsthatinstructandinspirepeople.Aherodoessomethingworthtalkingabout.Aherohasastoryofadventuretotellandacommunitywhowilllisten.Butaherogoesbeyondmerefame.Heroesservepowersorprincipleslargerthanthemselves.Likehigh-voltagetransformers,heroestaketheenergyofhigherpowersandstepitdownsothatitcanbeusedbyordinarypeople.Theherolivesalifeworthyofimitation.Thosewhoimitateagenuineheroexperiencelifewithnewdepth,enthusiasm,andmeaning.Asuretestforwould-beheroesiswhatorwhomdotheyserve?Whataretheywillingtoliveanddiefor?Iftheanswerorevidencesuggeststheyserveonlytheirownfame,theymaybefamouspersonsbutnotheroes.MadonnaandMichaelJacksonarefamous,butwhowouldclaimthattheirfansfindlifemoreabundant?Heroesarecatalysts(催化剂)forchange.Theyhaveavisionfromthemountaintop.Theyhavetheskillandthecharmtomovethemasses.Theycreatenewpossibilities.WithoutGandhi,IndiamightstillbepartoftheBritishEmpire.WithoutRosaParksandMartinLutherKing,Jr.,wemightstillhavesegregated(隔离的)buses,restaurants,andparks.Itmaybepossibleforlarge-scalechangetooccurwithoutleaderswithmagneticpersonalities,buthepaceofchangewouldbeslow,thevisionuncertain,andthecommitteemeetingsendless.1.Althoughheroesmaycomefromdifferentcultures,they____{S/4}.[A]generallypossesscertaininspiringcharacteristics[B]probablysharesomeweaknessesofordinarypeople[C]areofteninfluencedbypreviousgenerations[D]allunknowinglyattractalargenumberoffans2.Accordingtothepassage,heroesarecomparedtohigh-voltagetransformersinthat____{S/4}.[A]theyhaveavisionfromthemountaintop[B]theyhavewarmfeelingsandemotions[C]Theycanserveasconcreteexamplesofnobleprinciples[D]theycanmakepeoplefeelstrongerandmoreconfident3.MadonnaandMichaelJacksonarenotconsideredheroesbecause____{S/4}.[A]theyarepopularonlyamongcertaingroupsofpeople[B]theirperformancesdonotimprovetheirfansmorals[C]theirprimaryconcernistheirownfinancialinterests[D]theyarenotclearabouttheprinciplestheyshouldfollow4.GandhiandMartinLutherKingaretypicalexamplesofoutstandingleaderswho____{S/4}.[A]aregoodatdemonstratingtheircharmingcharacters[B]canmovethemasseswiththeirforcefulspeeches[C]arecapableofmeetingallchallengesandhardships[D]canprovideananswertotheproblemsoftheirpeople5.Theauthorconcludesthathistoricalchangeswould____{S/4}.[A]bedelayedwithoutleaderswithinspiringpersonalqualities[B]nothappenwithoutheroesmakingthenecessarysacrifices[C]takeplaceiftherewereheroestoleadthepeople[D]produceleaderswithattractivepersonalitiesUnit3(1)2本文属于一般阐述性的文章。中心议题是heroes（英雄）。第1自然段作者提出：“whatisahero?”接着第2自然段至第6自然段从五个方面解释何谓英雄：英雄是能够唤醒民众的人，英雄是做出一番事业的人，英雄是力量与信念的化身和民众仿效的榜样，英雄是不重名利的人，英雄是能够推动改革的人。【答案解析】1.(A)。本题考点出自第2自然段。“Despite…,generallyshare….尽管英雄人物有着不同的文化，但是他们通常都有引导和激励人民群众的共同特征。”其中的“share”是“共同享有”的意思。2.(C)。本题考点出自第4自然段。“…，heroestakestheenergyofhigherpowersandstepitdownsothat….英雄人物之所以被比作高压变压器是由于他们可作为崇高品德的具体典范为百姓们所效仿。”3.(B)。本题考点出自第5自然段。本段作者列举名人Madonna和MichaelJackson来说明英雄与名人的根本区别。“Theherolivesalifeworthyofimitation.英雄的生活是值得效仿的。”最后一句作者使用了疑问句“…,butwhowouldclaimthattheirfansfindlifemoreabundant?但是有谁能说他们的崇拜者发现自己的生活变得更充实了呢？”所以名人Madonna和MichaelJackson不是英雄是因为他们的行为不能提升崇拜者们的道德情操。4.(D)。本题考点出自第6自然段。本段作者以杰出领袖Gandhi和MartinLutherKing为例，说明了“Heroesarecatalystsforchange.They….Theyhavetheskillandthecharmtomovethemasses.英雄是改革的催化剂，他们……，他们具有唤起民众的能力和魅力。”5.(A)。本题考点出自第6自然段最后一句“Itmaybepossiblefor…withoutleaderswithmagneticpersonalities,buthepaceofchangewouldbeslow,….如果缺乏了有鼓动能力的领袖人物，改革就会延缓。”【难句分析】1.【句型分析】Despite（despite引导让步状语）immensedifferencesincultures,heroesaroundtheworldgenerallyshareanumberofcharacteristicsthat（引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面的characteristics）instructandinspirepeople.【参考译文】虽然世界上各种文化千差万别，但是英雄的诸多特质却常常不谋而合：即可以引导和激励人们。（注意定语从句的翻译。）2.【句型分析】Itmaybepossibleforlarge-scalechangetooccurwithoutleaderswithmagneticpersonalities,but（转折连词but，表示强调的中心在后）thepaceofchangewouldbeslow,thevisionuncertain,and（连词and连接thepaceofchangewouldbeslow、thevisionuncertain和thecommitteemeetingsendless）thecommitteemeetingsendless.【参考译文】我与许多同辈人一样,对英雄怀有痴心的崇拜。然而从某种程度上说,我们却纷纷开始对英雄及其之于我们的必要性提出质疑。这使我们不禁要问:何谓英雄?虽然世界上各种文化千差万别,但是英雄的诸多特质却常常不谋而合:即可以引导和激励人们。英雄所做的事为我们津津乐道。英雄有自己的奇遇故事要讲述,更有一个乐于倾听的群体。然而英雄绝非仅仅名声而已。英雄与比自己强大的力量和超越自身的人格做斗争。他们就像高压变压器一样,汲取了较高功率的能量后再将其减压,从而可为普通人所用。英雄的一生值得我们以之为榜样。那些向真正的英雄学习的人在体会生活时有了新的深度，热情和内涵。然而,为什么或为谁服务对那些将要成为英雄的人而言是个不可回避的考验。他们宁愿为何而生又为何而死呢?如果其答案或行为告诉我们他们仅为名声而战,则他们兴许是名人而绝非英雄。麦当娜和迈克尔杰克逊名声远震,但有谁敢说他们的追星族因此就觉得生活更加充实了呢?英雄是变化的催化剂。他们高瞻远瞩,有感染群众的能耐和魅力,可以创造新的可能性。如果没有甘地,印度可能还是英帝国的属地;没有RosaParks和马丁路德金,也许到今天我们还坐隔离公交车,上隔离的餐馆,逛隔离的公园。少了具备无穷人格魅力的领袖其实也可能发生历史的巨变,只不过这种变化将节奏缓慢,缺乏远见,并将伴随着永无休止的委员会议罢了。Unit3(1)3PassageTwoMorethanthreedozenbillionaires,includingwell-knownphilanthropist(慈善家)DavidRockefeller,havepromisedatleasthalfoftheirfortunestocharity,joiningaprogramthatBillandMelindaGatesandWarrenBuffettstartedinJunetoencourageotherwealthypeopletogive.Thepledgeiscurrentlywortha