生物质催化热解技术的研究_赵淑蘅

Nov.2010现代化工30(2)ModernChemicalIndustry201011赵淑蘅1,蒋剑春1,孙云娟1,2(1.中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所,江苏南京21004;2.中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所,北京100091):,。,。,;,。:;;:S216　:A　:0253-4320(2010)S2-0102-04StudyoncatalyticpyrolysistechnologyofbiomassZHAOShu-heng1,JIANGJian-chun1,SUNYun-juan1,2(1.InstituteofChemicalIndustryofForestProducts,CAF,Nanjing210042,China;2.InstituteofNewTechnologyofForest,CAF,Beijing100091,China)Abstract:Ourcountrypossessesrichbiomassresources,whiletheutilityefficiencyisnothigh.Biomasspyrolysisisoneavailablywayofutilizingbiomassresources,andcatalyticpyrolysisismoreefficiently.Thecharacteristicsofkineticsandvariationofdifferentparametersinbiomasspyrolysisareillustratedbriefly.Andthekeypointisthebehaviorofthecatalysts.Differentkindsofcatalystsandtheireffectforthebiomasspyrolysisareexplained.Keywords:biomass;pyrolysis;catalyst　:2010-09-26　:(1987-),,,,[e-mail];(1955-),,,,,,[e-mail]。　　,、。,,。,。,、。,;,、,,,,,[1]。1　,。:①;②;③;④[2]。。,“”,①,②“”,③()(),[3]。,1[3]。1　/%/%/%55～5034～4260～68　7818.239　7016347717.8353,,,·102·201011:,、,[4-6]。,3:、[7-9];,,,;,,,[4]。、、。,,,,[4,10];,[10],[11],,[4,9];[12-13];、,,[14]。,,,。,。[15],,。、,,。2　,,。。。、、。2。,,。2　　Na2CO3、KCl、K2CO3CaCl2　ZSM-5　Na2CO3、KCl、K2CO3　　　　Na2CO3、KCl、K2CO3　　　　NaCl、NaCl、KOH、K2CO3、KClMgCl2　　　Na2CO3、KCl　　　　Na2CO3　　　　Na2CO3CaOCr2O3、MnO、FeO、Al2O3、CuO　　Na2CO3　　　　　CaONiOHUSY、REY、HZSM-5　(、)Na2CO3CaO　/、Cr2O3、MnO、FeO、Al2O3、CuO、CoMo-S/Al2O3、NiMo/Al2O3　H-Beta-25、H-Y-12、H-ZSM-5、H-MOR-20、Al-MCM-41　K2CO3　　　　　　MgO　　　　　ZSM-5　　　　HZSM-5　Miscanthus×Giganteus①　　Fe2O3、Al2O3　　　:①Miscanthus×Giganteus,,。·103·现代化工30(2)2.1　,、、[16-18]。,。,。[6,19],,Na2CO3,,,,Na2CO3,,[6];,Na2CO3,,[19];,、,Na2CO3,[20]。Na2CO3,H2、CH4[21-23]。KClK2CO3,KCl[24];K2CO3[19]。,[19,24]。2.2　,[17],。CaOCaCO3,,。CaOCO;,CaOCO。,CaOH2,[11,21-23]。CaCl2,CaCl2;CaCl2,,[25]。,MgO,,[26]。2.3　,。CoMoS/Al2O3NiMoS/Al2O3,(WGSR)Fe2O3/Cr2O3、CuO/ZnOCoMo-S/γ-Al2O3,,。,NiO,H2,CO[27];Co-Mo,,[28];,,//、,[29]。,,Fe2O3、Al2O3、Cr2O3。Al2O3Miscanthus×Giganteus,[30]。,:Fe2O3,,Fe2O3[31];Cr2O3,[32]。,,。BTXN(B、T、XN)LAC(),CoMo-S/γ-Al2O3BTXN[33-35],AlTiLAC[36]。2.4　·104·201011:,。H-ZSM-5,2[37];H-ZSM-5/γ-Al2O3,[38]。,,,:,ZSM-5[39];,,,,ZSM-5[40]。3　,。4,,;,;;。,、、。。[1],,.[J].,2008,42(2):50-54.[2],.[J].,2008,28(2):7-10.[3].[J].,2004,114(2):26-29.[4],,.7[J].:,2006,29(8):44-48.[5],.[J].,2003,26(3):91-97.[6]YangHP,YanR,ChenHP,etal.In-Depthinvestigationofbio-masspyrolysisbasedonthreemajorcomponents:hemicellulose,cel-luloseandlignin[J].EnergyFuels,2006,20(1):388-393.[7],,.[J].:,2002,4(2):82-85.[8],,.[J].,2006,31(4):501-505.[9],,.[J].,2009,28(10):1424-1426.[10],,.[J].,2004,35(4):12-15.[11],.[J].,2007,27(3):15-20.[12]WeiLigang,XuShaoping,LiZhang,etal.Characteristicsoffastpy-rolysisofbiomassinafreefallreactor[J].FuelProcessingTech-nology,2006,87:863-871.[13]SunShaozeng,TianHongming,ZhaoYijun,etal.Experimentalandnumericalstudyofbiomassflashpyrolysisinanentrainedflowre-actor[J].BioresourceTechnology,2010,101:3678-3684.[14]OzlemOnay,OMeteKockar.Slow,fastandflashpyrolysisofrape-seed[J].RenewableEnergy,2003,28:2417-2433.[15],,,.[J].,2009,41(7):180-183.[16]Zevenhoven-OnderwaterM,BackmanR,SkrifvarsBJ,etal.Theashchemistryinfluidisedbedgasificationofbiomassfuels.PartI:predictingthechemistryofmeltingashesandash-bedmaterialin-teraction[J].Fuel,2001,80(10):1489-1502.[17]TsutomuOkuno,NozomuSonoyama,Jun-ichiroHayashi,etal.Pri-maryReleaseofAlkaliandAlkalineEarthMetallicSpeciesduringthePyrolysisofPulverizedBiomass[J].EnergyFuels,2005,19:2164-2171.[18]DavidssonK.O,StojkovaBJ,PetterssonJBC.AlkaliEmissionfromBirchwoodParticlesduringRapidPyrolysis[J].EnergyFu-els,2002,16:1033-1039.[19],,.[J].,2010,39(3):377-379.[20],,,.[J].,2009,29(17):70-75.[21],,,.[J].,2001,21(4):21-26.[22],,,.[J].,2001,21(3):16-20.[23],,,.[J].,2004,25(5):678-684.[24],,,.[J].,2005,26(4):452-457.[25],,,.[J].,2005,33(6):692-697.[26]ErsanPǜtǜn.Catalyticpyrolysisofbiomass:Effectsofpyrolysistem-perature,sweepinggasflowrateandMgOcatalyst[J].Energy,2010,35:2761-2766.　　　　(下转第107页)·105·201011:-;(SOFC),。,:(100℃),;(100～300℃),;(600～1000℃),。1。2.2　()、(),。,。,H2H+,H+O2。,H2O2H2O,,H2,40%～60%,。3　、()。()()。0.2～0.5mm,2:,,、();,(),。(),。,。2:,、。(-),、。,,。。,、,(),。、。,、。,,。2。　　(上接第105页)[27],,,.[J].,2009,30(9):1252-1257.[28]FundaAtes,AyseE.Pǜtǜn,ErsanPǜtǜn.Catalyticpyrolysisofpe-rennialshrub,Euphorbiarigidainthewatervapouratmosphere[J]J.Anal.Appl.Pyrolysis,2005,73:299-304.[29].[J].,2007,18:29-30.[30]SaitYorgun,YunusEmreSimsek.CatalyticpyrolysisofMiscant-hus:Giganteusoveractivatedalumina[J].BioresourceTechnology,2008,99:8095-8100.[31]AnissaKhelfa,VictorSharypov,GiseleFinqueneisel,etal.CatalyticpyrolysisandgasificationofMiscanthusGiganteus:Haematite(Fe2O3)aversatilecatalyst[J].JAnal.Appl.Pyrolysis,2009,84:84-88.[32]ChenG,AndriesJ,SpliethoffH.Catalyticpyrolysisofbiomassforhydrogenrichfuelgasproduction[J].EnergyConversionandMan-agement,2003,44:2289-2296.[33]WANGChang,HAOQinglan,LUDingqiang,etal.ProductionofLightAromaticHydrocarbonsfromBiomassbyCatalyticPyrolysis[J].ChinJCatal,2008,29(9):907-912.[34],,,.[J].,2008,29(9):907-912.[35],,,.[J].,2009,30(4):515-520.[36]CristianTorri,