雅思表格类作文

图表作文----把图表中的数据信息用文字的方式表达出来。一.图表作文写作要求字数:不少于150(150-170)1.客观性：描述图表信息，不表达个人观点2.准确性(justunder2000/around1700)3.详尽性：起点，拐点，终点，变化趋势必须交代清楚二.图表作文的分类数据类：1.table表格图2.linechart/linegraph曲线图(线状图)3.barchart柱状图4.piechart饼状图非数据类：processdiagram流程图三.图表作文写作步骤(一)审题：1.先读题干信息，后读图表信息2.看清楚单位，在写作的时候抄进文章图表作文怎么看？Table(考察列举数字的能力和方法,通过代表性的数据说明问题)1.找典型(异常数据，最大最小数据)2.归纳数据CityDateopenedKilometersofroutePassengersperyear(inmillions)London1863394775Paris19001991191Tokyo19271551927WashingtonDC1976126144Kyoto19811145LosAngeles20012850UndergroundRailwaysSystems12345Thetableshowssomedetailsaboutundergroundrailwaysystemsinsixcities,namely,London,Pairs,Tokyo,WashingtonDC,KyotoandLosAngeles.Londonwasthefirstcitythatopenedundergroundrailwayssystemsin1863,whileLosAngelswasthelastonein2001.Asfortheotherfourcountries,allofthemopenedtheundergroundrailwaysin1900s.TherouteinLondonisalsothelargest,approximately400kilometers.ThoseofPairs,TokyoandWashingtonDCarebetween100and200kilometers.ThelengthsofundergroundrailwaysareshortinKyotoandLosAngeles(11kilometersand28kilometersrespectively).Tokyowith155kilometersofroutehasthelargestamountofpassengers(1927millions).ItisfollowedbythatofPairs,LondonandWashingtonDC.PassengersinKyotoandLosAngelesaresimilar,around50millions.Inconclusion,theundergroundrailwaysysteminLondonistheoldestandthelongest,whilethatinTokyoservesthelargestnumberofpeople.Bycontrast,KyotoandLosAngeleshavenewandsmallsizesystems.(二)构思：清晰的结构1)generalstatement（1～2句）2)detailanalysis（按照分类元素确定主体段个数）3)summary（1～2句）注意：描述和比较相结合概括描述和具体数字描述相结合(三)写作：注意1.时态多用一般现在时或一般过去时2.采用客观表述，避免主观色彩（被动语态的使用）3.层次分明，条理清楚（使用逻辑衔接词和转承短语）(四)检查：字数单词拼写单位时态：（开头段永远是一般现在时）语法：主谓是否一致，谓语是否缺少或多余，有没有连词等五.图表作文开头段的写法开头段的写法：改写转述题目1.改变题干中关键词的词性(comparison/compare)2.改变题干中关键词的位置(with/-ing/which...)3.同义替换,同义转换(investigation/survey,kind/type)4.加入图表中的其他文字信息(时间，性别，国家,对象)5.开头段永远是一般现在时原题干:ThegraphbelowshowstheenrollmentsofoverseasstudentsandlocalstudentsinBritain’suniversities.Thegivenbarchartdemonstratesthe(说明图表类型）(同义替换)proportionofforeignstudentsandlocal(添加新信息)(同义替换)studentsenrolledinBritain’suniversities(关键词词性和位置)from1989to1999.(添加新信息)图表作文开头段常用替换Thetablereveals,illustrates,demonstrates,depicts,describes，indicates,presents,givesanoutlineofprovideanoverviewof…,overallviewof…,breakdownof…,showsInformation:data,statistics,numbers,figuresproportion:percentage,share六.图表作文主体段的写法主体段：1+X1:第一句概括总体趋势或者最显著的趋势X：用X句介绍具体细节，每个句子争取涵盖文字信息，数字信息和比较三个方面，不要只是罗列数字，文字信息更重要主体段的时态问题1.一般过去时：图表中数据是以往数据，出现表示过去的年代例:WhileMotorola'sshareoftheglobalhandsetmarketroseto20.6%from18.7%,SamsungElectronics’sharefellto12.2%from12.5%in2005.2.一般现在时：图表中没有出现年代,只是一般数据的讨论（用的最广泛）例:Britainproduces3%oftheworld’scarbondioxidesemissions,whichareapproximatelythesameasIndia.七.图表作文结尾段的写法1.总结图表中最主要的信息或者最重要的趋势（同义替换，不要和前面太相似）2.写出来你经过比较所得出的结论3.不要自己发挥来解释图表中的数据结尾段常用表达总结•Overall,thetableindicates/suggests...•Therefore,itcanbeclearlyseenfromthetablethat…•Fromthetable,itisclear/apparent/obviousthat…•Assuggestedabove,...•As（is）showninthetable，…•Ascanbeseenfromthetable，…•Insummary,figures/statisticsshowthat…•Tosummarize,itcanbeseenfromthefigures/statistics…•Wecanseefromthefigures/statistics…•Itisapparentfromthefigures/statistics…Thefollowingareselectedstatisticsshowingaspectsofthequalityoflifein5countries:CountryGNPperhead(1982:USdollars)DailycaloriesupplyperheadLifeexpectancyatbirth(years)Infantmortalityrates(per1000livebirths)BangladeshBoliviaEgyptIndonesiaUSA14057069058013,160187720862950229636534050564974132124978712Thetableusesfourbroadeconomicindicatorstoshowthestandardoflivinginfiveselectedcountries.Ascanbeseen,theUSAhadthelargestGNP($13,160)anddailycalorieintake(3653),thelargestlifeexpectancy(74)andthelowestinfantmortalityrate(1.2%).Ontheotherhand,theotherdevelopingcountrieshadacomparativelylowqualityoflife.Amongthefourdevelopingcountries,Egypt,IndonesiaandBoliviaweresimilarintheirrangeofindicators,withtheirGNPonlyaround600dollarsperhead,dailycalorieintakelessthan3000perheadandlifeexpectancyasshortas56,49,50yearsrespectively.Atthesametime,theirinfantmortalityratewasabout6to9timeshigherthanthatofUSA.Bangladeshhadbyfarthelowestqualityoflifeinallthecountriesinthetable.ItsGNPwasnearlyonehundredtimessmallerthantheUSA’s.ItscalorieintakeandlifeexpectancywereabouthalfthoseintheUSAwhileitsinfantmortalityratewas10timesgreater.Inconclusion,itcanbeseenfromtheeconomicindicatorsthatthefourdevelopingcountrieshavemuchroomtodevelopbeforereachingthesamelevelofqualityoflifeastheUSA.4种数字类：1.倍数基础表达法：①A+is…times+as+adj.原级+as+B②A+is…times+adj.比较级+than+B③A+is…times+thesize/length/height/width/depth+of+B④Thesize/length/height/width/depth…+of+A+is…timesof+B⑤The+n.…+is…times+what从句这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍大。Thistableis3timesasbigasthatone.Thistableis3timesbiggerthanthatone.Thistableis3timesthesizeofthatone.Thesizeofthistableis3timesofthatone.今年的产量是2006年的3倍。Theoutputofthisyearis3timeswhatitwasin2006.倍数高级表达法：(1)…是原来的…倍：数字+-fold(2)…增长或者下降了…倍:数字-1+-fold…shows/experiences/witnesses/undergoathree-foldincrease/rise/decrease/reduction是原来的3倍/增加或减少了2倍例:Between1971to1975,thepopulationwasupeight