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It的用法it是常见代词之一,它既可以指代时间、地点、天气、距离等,还能作形式主语或形式宾语,同时可以引起强调结构,是英语的热点之一。•it在英语语法中属人称代词,意思是“它”,用来指人以外的一切生物和事物。它的用法不仅不简单,而且很复杂。用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情。一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情、没有性别的区分;可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,在句子中既可做主语,也可以作宾语。•1.指动物和植物。如:—Oh,that'sLucy'shat.噢,那是露茜的帽子。—Itlookslikeacat!它看上去像只猫!Where'steagrown?It'sgrowninthesoutheastofChina.什么地方种植茶?中国东南部种植茶。•2.指代一些无生命的东西。如:Isityourwatch?这是你的手表吗?Lookattherain!It'sheavy,isn'tit?看这雨!雨很大,对吗?3.代替上文提到过的整个事情。如:Well,youmustn'tplayontheroad.It'sdangerous.哦,你不能在公路上玩。这太危险了!Itwashardwork,buttheyreallyenjoyedit.摘苹果是艰苦活,可他们都乐意去干(它)。•二、用于指代人。1.指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人,常在打电话或敲门时用。如:—Whowasit?是谁(打来的电话)?—WasitSusan?(打电话的)是苏珊吗?—Yes,itwas.是的,我是。(根据上下句,“itwas”也可不译出来。)再如:—Whoisknockingatthedoor?谁在敲门?—It'sme.是我。•2.指说话者心目中的那个人。如:—Isityoursister,Kate?(那旧照片上的baby)是你姐姐凯特吧?—No!不是。—Isityourbrother?是你哥哥吧?—No!不是。—Iknow—it'syou!我知道了,(那)是你。•3.指代性别不详的婴幼儿或在不计较性别时,也可用it来指人。如Thechildsmiledwhenitsawitsmother.这小孩一见到母亲就笑了。Idon‘tknowwhoitis.我不知道他是谁。•在不清楚某人性别时,也可使用it,尤其在问答的形式中更为常见。例如:•---Look,someoneiscoming.Whocanitbe?•---Itmaybetheheadmaster.•---Itcan’tbehim.HehasgonetoShanghai.•---ItmustbeMr.Zhang.Helooksliketheheadmaster.•4.在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时,常用it指人。如:—Who'sthat?那人是谁?—IsitKate?是凯特吗?—Yes,Ithinkyou'reright.It'sKate.是的,我想你说对了,是凯特。三、用来表示时间、天气、地点、距离、环境、形势等。例如:Itistwomilestothebeach.这里到海滨有两英里。Itwasraininginthemorning.今天早晨下着雨。Ifit’sconvenientIcanseeyoutomorrow.如果方便,我明天能见你。•1.表示时间。如:—Whattimeisit?几点钟?—It'sten.十点钟。It'ssummerinAustralianow.现在澳大利亚是夏天。2.表示距离。如:It'shalfanhour'swalkfrommyhometotheschool.从我家到学校步行得花半小时时间。—Where'sthefarm,LiLei?Isitfar?李雷,农场在哪里?远吗?—No,it'squitenear.不,(距)离这很近。•3.表示自然现象。如:Sometimesitsnowsandthelandisallwhite.有时下雪,大地一片白。Itisveryquiethereatthemoment.眼下这儿很安静。it表示时间常用于句型:1、Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句。意为“自……以来已有多长时间了”或“自不……以来已有多长时间了”。例如:1)Itis/hasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon自从我上次到伦敦,已经有许多年了。2)It’salongtimesincewemetlast.自从我们上次见面以来已经有很长一段时间了。2、Itis/was/willbe+一段时间+before从句。表示“在(做某事)前过了多长时间”,或“过了多长时间才……”。如:Butit________morethan100yearsbeforethecountrybeginsonceagaintolookasitdidbefore.但是在100年之后,这个国家才能恢复到以前的样子。willbe四、用来指代前文中的内容,或指代整个主句。如:1.Takeyourpoundofflesh!Ideclarethecourtallowsitandthelawgivesittoyou.割下你要的那一磅肉吧!我宣布法庭允许你这么做,法律把那一磅肉判给你了。2.Ifitispossible,holdupthepartofthebodywhichisbleeding.如果可能的话,就把出血的部位抬起来。3.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm,Ihadexpected_______tobemuchbetter.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it4.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,___didn'thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.butit5.ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows___.A.itwhattodowithB.howtodealwithitC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwith6.TheParkersboughtanewhouse,___willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.butthatB.butitC.oneD.which7.Iloveswimming,____keepsmefit.A.anditB.whichC.itD.as8.Theysaidtheyhadfinishedthework,but___.A.Ican’tbelieveitB.whatIcan’tbelieveC.whichIcan’tbelieveD.Idon’tbelieve四、在一些相对固定的词组中出现,没有特殊含义,经常不翻译。如:1.He’sneverreallymadeitasanactor.作为演员,他从未获得过真正的成功。2.Itismyturn.轮到我了。3.That’sjustit---Ican’tworkwhenyou’remakingsomuchnoise.原因就在这儿---你们这么吵,我没法工作。4.____.I’vegotsomuchworkIdon’tknowwheretostart.A.Whatanawful!B.It’sawful!C.Thatwasawful!D.Asisawful,5.----___withyou?----Verywell,thankyou.A.WhatisgoingonB.HowisitgoingC.HowiseverythinggoingD.Whatisup五、指代不定式、动名词、从句等,用作形式主语或形式宾语。如:1.___difficulttobeinaforeigncountry,especiallyifyoudon’tspeakthelanguage.A.ThatisalwaysB.ItisalwaysC.ItwillbealwaysD.Thatwillalwaysbe2.Wemustmake___tothepublicthatsomethingshouldbedonetostoppollution.A.WhatisclearB.itisclearC.ItclearD.thatclear3.Ihate__whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them4.___onedaytheywillhaveenoughanimalstosetthemfree.A.ItishopedforB.whatishopedthatC.AsishopedthatD.Itishopedthat用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句型主要有:It+be+adj./n.(forsb./ofsb)+todosth.It+be+fun/awasteoftime/nogood/nousedoingsth.It+be+过去分词+that从句It+be+形容词+that从句5、It+be+名词(词组)+that从句1.Isitnecessarytotellhisfathereverything?2.Infactitisahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.3.Idon’tthinkitpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.4.Howsillyofyouitistohavedoneit!It+be+adj./n.(forsb./ofsb)+todosth.注意:该句型中的形容词通常是表示事物的特点或特征的如difficult,hard,easy,impossible,necessary,important等,此时用for;表示人的性格特征或特点的如nice,good,bad,kind,silly,foolish,wise,clever,careless,rude,brave,cruel,careful,grateful等,这时要用of。It+be+fun/awasteoftime/nogood/nousedoingsth.1.___tojumpintoariveronahotsummerday!A.HowfunitisB.WhatfunitisC.WhatfunofitisD.WhatafunitisItisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.[谚]牛奶已泼,哭也无用。It+be+过去分词+that从句Itissaid,reported,announced,hoped,thought,told,believed,expected,decided,suggested,known+that从句该句型通常可以转换成sb/sthissaidtobe…如:Itissaidthatthebookwastranslatedintomanylanguagesin1950.Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguagesin1950.It+be+形容词+that从句可用于此句型的形容词还有wonderful,true,good,right,wrong,important,useless,surprising,clear,unusual,lucky,certain等。如:1)Itisquitecertainthathewillnotmakeaspeechatthemeeting.2)Itisimportantthatwe(should)studyhard.5、It+be+名词(词组)+that从句。适用该句型的名词(词组)还有apity,anhonor,agoodthing,afact,asurprise,goodnews等。如:1)Itisapity(that)youmissedthespo
本文标题:it用法小结
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