17th C English literature

The17thcenturyEnglishLiteratureA)Background1)TheWeakeningoftheTieBetweenMonarchyandBourgeoisie2)TheclashesBetweentheKingandParliament3)TheOutburstoftheEnglishRevolution4）Restoration5)Puritanism1.PuritanismwasthereligiousdoctrineoftherevolutionarybourgeoisieduringtheEnglishRevolution.2.Itpreachesthrift,sobriety,hardworkandunceasinglabour.3.Worldlypleasureswerecondemnedasharmful.ThePuritansopposedtheoldchurch.B)LiteratureoftheRevolutionPeriod1)Dominantliterarythoughtsa)Puritanliterature＊Revolutionary:criticismofallkindsofevils&tyrannybothinthesociety&church,celebrateliberty&democracy＊greatreverenceofGodb)RoyalistliteratureAnti-revolutionary:safe-guardtheoldsocialsystem,lamentontheoldmerryEnglandofthemerrylifeofnoble2)Dominantliteraryformspoetrya)JohnMilton(1608-1674)b)JohnBunyan(1628-1678)3)Representativewriters＊Puritanwritersa)Metaphysicalpoets＊JohnDonne(1572-1631))＊GeorgeHerbert(1593-1633),b)CavalierPoets＊RobertHerrick(1591-1674)＊)Royalistwriters4)Representativeworksofthewritersa)JohnMilton:ParadiseLost,SamsonAgonistesb)JohnBunyan:ThePilgrim’sProgressc)JohnDonne:SongsandSonnets(歌与十四行诗),HolySonnets（圣十四行诗）AValediction:ForbiddingMourning(离别辞，莫悲伤)d)AndrewMarvell:ToHisCoyMistress（致他的娇羞的女友）e)RobertHerrick:GatherYeRoseBudswhileYeMay(快摘玫瑰花苞)TotheVirgins,toMakeMuchofTime(劝少女珍惜青春)ToDaffodilsJohnMilton1608-1674ParadiseLostFirstten-bookeditionParadiseLostSecondedition,1674MiltonandhisDaughtersOrlaiSoma,1862MiltonandhisDaughtersHenryFuseli,18thc.MiltonandhisDaughtersMihalyMunkacsy,19thc.MiltonandhisDaughtersGeorgeRomney,18thc.Milton’sLife1)Puritanfamilybackground,esp.theinfluenceofhisfather2)Unhappymarriageexperience3)Blindnessatmiddleages(1652)JohnMiltonasthegreatpamphleteer•＊Politicalpamphlet•＊Religiouspamphlet•＊Social(Marriage)pamphlet•＊Pamphletsonfreedomofpress•＊Pamphletsoneducation•—AfighteroffreedomMiltonasagreatpoet1)Earlyworks＊OntheMorningofChrist’sNativity＊L’Allegro,IIPenseroso＊Comus,amasque＊Lycidas,anelegy2)Sonnets:＊OnHisBlindness3)Bestpoems＊ParadiseLost,SamsonAgonistesParadiseLostAdamandEveRomancatacombs,4thcenturyAdamandEveLucasCranach,1526AdamandEveNikideSaintPhalle,1985Eve,Adamandtheserpent(c.1280)StJohn'sCollege,Cambridge,MSK.26f.4rTemptationofAdamandEveMasolino.c.1425.FrescoBrancacciChapel,S.MariadelCarmine,FlorenceⅠ)Introductiontotheworkⅰ)A12vol.workⅱ)Publishedin1667,themostwide-readone;1764editionⅲ)mostimportantparts＊book1&2＊book4＊book9＊book11&12Ⅱ)Themesⅰ)revolutionaryspiritSamplepoem1Whatthoughthefieldbelost?Allisnotlost-theunconquerablewill,Andstudyofrevenge,immortalhate,Andcouragenevertosubmitoryield:Andwhatiselsenottobeovercome.ThatglorynevershallhiswrathormightExtortfromme.TobowandsueforgraceWithsuppliantknee,anddeifyhispowerWho,fromtheterrorofthisarm,solateDoubtedhisempire-thatwerelowindeed;ThatwereanignominyandshamebeneathThisdownfall;Sample2Awake,arise,orforeverfall’n…TurningourtortureintohorridarmsAgainstthetorturer…Sample3Farewell,happyfields,Wherejoyforeverdwells!Hail,horrors!hail,InfernalWorld!andthou,profoundestHell,Receivethynewpossessor-onewhobringsAmindnottobechangedbyplaceortime.…BettertoreigninHell;thanserveinHeav’nⅱ)Puritanism＊theoriginalpurposeImayassertEternalProvidence,AndjustifythewaysofGodtomen.＊thealmighty&omniscientGod＊acomparisonbetweenSatan&Godⅲ)BelatedhumanismSample1Knowledgeforbidd'n?Suspicious,reasonless.WhyshouldthirLordEnviethemthat?canitbesintoknow,Canitbedeath?anddotheyonelystandByIgnorance,isthatthirhappiestate,Theproofofthirobedienceandthirfaith?HenceIwillexcitethirmindsWithmoredesiretoknow,andtorejectEnviouscommands,inventedwithdesigneTokeepthemlowwhomknowledgemightexaltEqualwithGods;Adam&EveinEden•higherthenthatWallacirclingrowOfgoodliestTreesloadenwithfairestFruit,BlossomsandFruitsatonceofgoldenhueAppeerd,withgayenameldcoloursmixt:OnwhichtheSunmoregladimpress'dhisbeamsTheninfairEveningCloud,orhumidBow,WhenGodhathshowrdtheearth;solovelyseemdThatLantskip:AndofpurenowpureraireMeetshisapproach,andtotheheartinspiresVernaldelightandjoy,abletodriveAllsadnessbutdespair:nowgentlegalesFanningthirodoriferouswingsdispenseNativeperfumes,andwhisperwhencetheystoleThosebalmiespoiles.ChineseVersion高出树梢的有乐园的青翠围墙，从这里我们的始祖可以纵观下面四邻的疆土。比围墙更高的是一圈最美的树林，满载着沉甸甸的鲜艳果子，花、果都呈金色，枝杈交错，五彩缤纷，灿烂夺目：太阳更加乐意照耀那些花果，比照在美丽的晚霞，或神降时雨给大地时的彩虹，更加赏心悦目。这一派风光真是可爱可喜：这时迎着他的四围清鲜的空气也更加清新了，扑面而来的清风，把春天的快乐吹进心中，除了失望以外，一切的悲愁都能吹到九霄云外。Adam&Eve•虽然二人各异，似乎是两性的差异：他机智而勇敢，她却柔和而妩媚，富有魅力；他为神而造，而她为他里面的神而造。绝对的治权在他那俊美的广颡和高尚的眼神显露无余，青紫色的鬈发从前额分开，一绺绺地下垂，但没有垂到两个广阔的肩膀。•她那没有装饰的金发，像头巾披垂到她的纤纤细腰，乱蓬蓬的，好像葡萄的卷须，曲成波轮，这意味着她的服从，要她使用委婉的主权，她的服从，含着羞怯，带着骄矜，温情脉脉，欲顺故忤，欲爱还嗔，这样的态度，受他的极度欢迎。那时人体的神秘部分袒露着；但还没有不纯洁的羞耻。•他们这样赤身裸体地行走，也不躲避上帝和天使的视线；因为他们心中坦坦荡荡。他们这样手牵手地行走，自从他们邂逅作爱的拥抱以后，便是最可爱的一对：那亚当，他的子孙中没有比他更善良的，那夏娃，后代的一切女人没有比她更美的。•他们在青草地上，丛林荫下，一道清澈的泉水旁坐下来，温柔地私语；他们在不很辛苦的，愉快的园艺工作之后，正好可以欣赏徐徐凉风，田畴远风，通体舒坦，而且促进饥、渴，更觉晚餐的甜美。他们并肩而坐，斜倚在花团锦簇的柔软的堤上，顺手采摘技头鲜果。他们先嚼果肉，如果口渴，就用果壳从盈盈的流泉中舀水，温柔的情话，爱的微笑，青年人的戏谑和夫妇的柔情缱绻，这一切都少不了；因为这里只有他们二人。Ⅲ)OtherSubjectsⅰ)socialsatire:book11-12ⅱ)PersonalmiseryofdarknessThuswiththeyearSeasonsreturn;butnottomereturnsDay,orthesweetapproachofevenormorn,Orsightofve