2012年英语四级辅导之翻译

一、虚拟语气（一）表示命令、决定、建议等词语(如decide,demand,insist,order,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest)之后的that从句.（should)+动词原形1.Itissuggestedthattheairconditioner__________________________________(要安装在窗户旁).(2010,06）2.Theprofessorrequiredthat(我们交研究报告)byWednesday.(2006,06)3.Theyrequestedthat__________________________(我借的书还回图书馆)bynextFriday.(2010,12)Answers:1.(should)befixed/installedby/beside/nexttothewindow2.we(should)handinourresearchreports3.thebooksthatIborrowedbereturnedtothelibrary/IshouldreturnthebooksIborrowedtothelibrary（二）though,whatever,lest,incase,solongas等引导的从句表示推测、让步、防备等含义should+动词原形1.You’dbettertakeasweaterwithyou_____________________(以防天气变冷).(2008,12)（三）wish引导的从句的虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反的愿望，用过去式表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时表示与将来事实相反的愿望，用could/would/might+动词原形类似的还有，ifonly（但愿）asif/though（好像）2.Janeistiredofdealingwithcustomercomplaintsandwishesthatshe_____________________(能被分配做另一项工作).(2011,06)Answer:1.incaseit(should)turncold2.could/wouldbeassignedtoanotherjob（三）if引导的非真实虚拟条件从句（1）与过去事实相反的假设主句：would/should(not)+have+过去分词从句：过去完成时态（had+过去分词）（2）与现在事实相反的假设主句：should/would(not)+动词原形从句：一般过去式（3）与将来事实相反的假设主句：should/would(not)+动词原形从句：should(not)/were(not)to+动词原形或一般过去式1.Youwouldnothavefailedifyou__________________________________(按照我的指令去做).（2009,12）2.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary____________________________(就不会被大雨淋湿了).(2009,06)3.Thevictim__________________(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.(2006,12)Answers:1.hadfollowedmyinstructions/orders2.wouldn’thavebeencaughtbytherain3.wouldhavehadachancetosurvive/ofsurvival二、比较级（1）固定句式：the+比较级，the+比较级1.Themoreexerciseyoutake,__________________________________(你越不大可能得感冒)（2009,12）2.Themoreyouexplain,(我愈糊涂)（2006,06）（2）一般比较级3.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_________________________(我比以前更容易累了).(2007,12)4.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause_____________________（它更加方便和省时）（2007,12）Answers:1.thelesslikelyyouareto/willcatchacold2.themoreconfusedIam/get3.Ifeel/gettiredmoreeasilythanbefore4.theformerismoreconvenientandtimesaving（3）固定句式：没有什么比……更……Nothing+系动词+比较级+than+其他SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat___________(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).（2006,12）Answer:nothingismoreattractive/appealingtomethanreading三、被动态（1）显性被动态1.Thoughaskilledworker,(他被公司解雇了)lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis（2006.06）2.Welookforwardto(被邀请出席开幕式).（2010,06）3.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary____________________________(就不会被大雨淋湿了).（2009,06）4.Janeistiredofdealingwithcustomercomplaintsandwishesthatshe_____________________(能被分配做另一项工作).(2011,06)Answers:1.hewasfiredbythecompany2.beinginvitedtoattendtheopeningceremony3.wouldn’thavebeencaughtbytherain4.could/wouldbeassignedtoanotherjob.（2）隐性被动态1.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife____________________（是用他们能够借到多少衡量的），nothowmuchtheycanearn.（2007,12）2.Itissuggestedthattheairconditioner_____________(要安装在窗户旁).（2010,06）3.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsoftheresearch_____________.（能应用于新技术的开发）（2008,06）4.Themagnificentmuseum______________________(据说建成于)aboutahundredyearsago.(2010,12)Answers:1.ismeasuredbyhowmuchtheycanborrow2.(should)befixed/installedby/beside/nexttothewindow3.canbeappliedtotheresearchanddevelopmentofnewtechnology4.issaidtohavebeenbuilt四、让步状语从句“不管……”、“无论……”由nomatterwhat或whatever来引导，两者可互换，后用陈述语序，时态与整句时态一致。1.Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,_______________________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).（2007,12）2.Leavingone’sjob,__________________________（无论是什么工作）,isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.(2008,06)“不管是什么A，B，C……”一般译为“regardlessof”见ModelTest1，87句Answers:1.nomatterwhat/whateversacrificeIamgoingto/willmake2.nomatterwhat/whateverjobitis五、情态动词mustdo表示对于现在事实的肯定猜测mightdo对于现在事实的一般性推测musthavedone肯定做了某事/对于过去事实的肯定猜测shouldhavedone本应做某事却没有做，有批评含义mayhavedone表示可能性，可能已经做了某事wouldhavedone一般用于虚拟语气，表示对过去的虚拟1.Ican’tbootmycomputernow.Something__________（一定出了毛病）withitsoperatingsystem.(2008,06)2.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople______________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).(2006,12)Answers:1.mustbewrong2.mightfeellonelywhen(theyare)awayfromhome六、主语从句“……的”一般译作由what引导的名词性主语从句（注意与定语从句区分）1.___________________________(大多数父母所关心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.（2008，12）2.______________________________(很多人所没有意识到的)isthatSimonisaloverofsports.andfootballinparticular.（2009,06）3.___________________________________(给游客印象最深的)wasthefriendlinessandwarmthofthelocalpeople.(2010,12)Answers:1.Whatmostparentsareconcernedabout2.Whatmanypeopledidn’trealize3.Whatimpressedthetouristsmost七、助动词共用Throughtheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtrainingand_______________________________________(决定自己创业)（2008,12）Answer:decidedtostarttheirownbusiness七、定语从句1.ThepreventandtreatmentofAIDSis___________________________(我们可以合作的领域).（2007,06）2.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems____________________________(他们至今还没有答案)（2008,12）Answers:1.thefield(where/inwhich)wecancooperate2.(that)theyhaven’tfoundsolutionsto八、倒装全部倒装：整个谓语部分置于主语之前局部倒装：仅是助动词置于主语之前（1）notuntil位于句首时，主句倒装，从句不倒装（2）某些状语前置会引起倒装，当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，一般引起局部倒装。1.___________________________（直到他完成使命）didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.（2008,06）2.Themana