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省略to的动词不定式用法归纳一、使役动词与to的省略当不定式用于let,make,have等使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式必须省略to。如:Letmehaveanothercupoftea.给我再来一杯茶。Shehadhimdigawaythesnow.她让他把雪挖走。Theymadehimtellthemeverything.他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。但是,当使役动词用于被动语态时,其后的不定式则必须要带to。如:他被迫一天工作20小时。误:Hewasmadeworktwentyhoursaday.正:Hewasmadetoworktwentyhoursaday.注意,表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。另外注意,force,oblige等虽然也表示“使”,但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如:Theyforcedhertosignthepaper.他们强迫她在文件上签字。Thelawobligedparentstosendtheirchildrentoschool.法律要求父母送子女上学。考例:1.Theteacherforbade________ourseats.A.ustoleaveB.usleavingC.toleaveD.toleaving2.Maryhadherfriend________thebestone.A.chooseB.chosenC.choseD.tochoose3.Thegirlwasmade_________shedidn’tloveatall.A.marryamanB.tomarryamanC.tomarrywithamanD.marriedwithaman二、感觉动词与to的省略当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,lookat,listento等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。如:Weallfeltthehouseshake.我们都感觉这房子在震动。Iheardhimgodownthestairs.我听见他下楼了。Didyounoticeherleavethehouse?她离开屋子你注意到了吗?Iwatchedhergetintothecar.我看着她上了车。但是,当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为tobe时,则不能省略to。如:Theyallfelttheplantobeunwise.他们都认为这个计划不明智。注意,当这些动词变为被动语态时,不定式前的to不能省略。如:Theywereheardtobreakaglassinthenextdoor.听见他们在隔壁打破了一个玻璃杯子。另外,若用作宾语补足语的不定式为完成式,则通常应带to。如:Inoticedhertohavecomeearly.我注意到她来得很早。考例:ShetoldthatsheheardsomeoneforhelplastnightA.tocallB.callC.calledD.calling三、在hadbetter、wouldrather、may/mightaswell、ratherthan等搭配之后,动词不定式也不带to。例如:Ifyou'dratherbealone,we'1la11leavehere.如果你宁愿独自呆着.那我们都离开这儿。Youmightaswellgowithouther.你们还是小带她去为好。(考例)1.You’dbetter_________whenyoucomein.A.nottowakeupmeB.nottowakemeupC.nottowakeupmeD.nottowakemeup2.“Howaboutadrink?”“I’drather________somethingtoeat.”A.haveB.tohaveC.hadD.having四、在介词but,except之后,如果其前有动词do的某种形式,其后不定式一般不带to,反之则必须带to,表示“不得不,只能”。例如:HedoesnothingbutwatchTValldaylong.他整天除了看电视无所事事、Ihavenochoicebuttoacceptthefact.我别无选择只有接受这个事实。(考例)Sandycoulddonothingbut____tohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC..admittingD.tOadmit五、以why或whynot开头引起的无主语中,动词不定式要省略to。Whyarguewithhim?为什么要和他争辩呢?Whynottellmeaboutitintime?为什么不及时告诉我这个问题?(考例)—Iusuallygotherebytrain.—Whynot___byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing六、在主语以what、a11、theonlything等开头的包含行为动词do的句子中,作为主语补足语的不定式常可省略to。Theonlythingyoucandoiswaitandsee,你唯—可做的只有等待和观望了:Alllcandoishelpyoufinishtheworkontime.我能做的所有事情就是帮你按时完成工作。(考例)Atpresentthebestthingyoushoulddois___anotherjob,A.1ookforB.1ooksforC.IookedforD.1ookingfor七、为-了避免重复,由and或or连接两个不定式时,—般可以省略第二个不定式符号to。例如:工’mreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay我真不知道该怎么想和怎么说。WewanttoswimandclimbthehillsnextSaturday我们下个星期六想游泳、爬山。(考例)Thecaptaindecidedtosendhiscarthereand____atonce,A.pickthemupB.pickupthemC.pickedthemupD.pickedupthem注:如果前后两个不定式在意义上有对比关系时,不定式符号to不能省略。例如:Icamenottoscold,buttopraiseyou.我来不是批评你,而是表扬你的。八、一些含有but的固定搭配短语如can’thelpbut,can’tchoosebut,cannotbut,canbut等结构中,后面跟不带to的动词不定式。例如:Itrainedhard,sotheycouldn’tchoosebutstayathome.雨下得很大,他们只得待在家里。Theoldladycouldbutwalkslowlywithastick。那个老太太人只能拄着拐杖慢慢地朝前走。(考例)1.Icannotbut_______yourdecision.A.admireB.toadmireC.admiredD.admires2.Hearingtheinspiringnews,wecouldn’thelpbut______.A.cheerB.cheeringC.tocheerD.cheered九、在makebelieve(假装)、makedo(将就),letgo(放开)、hearsay/tell(听人说起)、letfly(发射)、letfall(掉落)、leavego(放开)等固定搭配中,用不带to的动词不定式。例如:Themanmadebelievethathewasapoliceman,那个人装扮成—个警察。Haveyoueverheardtellofsuchthings?你有没有听说过这种事情?Don’tletgooftherope.别放开绳子。十、在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式,也可用带to的不定式。例如:Willyouhelpme(to)carrythebag?你能帮我拿这个包吗?CustOoers’criticismshelp(to)improvetheserviceworkofourshops。顾客的批评意见帮助我们的商店改进服务工作。(考例)Shecan’thclp_____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake,A.cleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beinngcleaned特殊例解:1.Shecan’thelp_________thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned2.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescannothelp_________intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded
本文标题:省略to-的动词不定式用法归纳
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