2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(十)

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(十)Theuseofheatpumpshasbeenheldbacklargelybyskepticismaboutadvertisers’claimsthatheatpumpscanprovideasmanyastwounitsofthermalenergyforeachunitofelectricalenergyused,thusapparentlycontradictingtheprincipleofenergyconservation.Heatpumpscirculateafluidrefrigerantthatcyclesalternativelyfromitsliquidphasetoitsvaporphaseinaclosedloop.Therefrigerant,startingasalow-temperature,low-pressurevapor,entersacompressordrivenbyanelectricmotor.Therefrigerantleavesthecompressorasahot,densevaporandflowsthroughaheatexchangercalledthecondenser,whichtransfersheatfromtherefrigeranttoabodyofair.Nowtherefrigerant,asahigh-pressure,cooledliquid,confrontsaflowrestrictionwhichcausesthepressuretodrop.Asthepressurefalls,therefrigerantexpandsandpartiallyvaporizes,becomingchilled.Itthenpassesthroughasecondheatexchanger,theevaporator,whichtransfersheatfromtheairtotherefrigerant,reducingthetemperatureofthissecondbodyofair.Ofthetwoheatexchangers,oneislocatedinside,andtheotheroneoutsidethehouse,soeachisincontactwithadifferentbodyofair:roomairandoutsideair,respectively.Theflowdirectionofrefrigerantthroughaheatpumpiscontrolledbyvalves.Whentherefrigerantflowisreversed,theheatexchangersswitchfunction.Thisflow-reversalcapabilityallowsheatpumpseithertoheatorcoolroomair.Now,ifundercertainconditionsaheatpumpputsoutmorethermalenergythanitconsumesinelectricalenergy,hasthelawofenergyconservationbeenchallenged?No,notevenremotely:theadditionalinputofthermalenergyintothecirculatingrefrigerantviatheevaporatoraccountsforthedifferenceintheenergyequation.Unfortunatelythereisonerealproblem.Theheatingcapacityofaheatpumpdecreasesastheoutdoortemperaturefalls.Thedropincapacityiscausedbythelesseningamountofrefrigerantmassmovedthroughthecompressoratonetime.Theheatingcapacityisproportionaltothismassflowrate:thelessthemassofrefrigerantbeingcompressed,thelessthethermalloaditcantransferthroughtheheat-pumpcycle.Thevolumeflowrateofrefrigerantvaporthroughthesingle-speedrotarycompressorusedinheatpumpsisapproximatelyconstant.Butcoldrefrigerantvaporenteringacompressorisatlowerpressurethanwarmervapor.Therefore,themassofcoldrefrigerant—andthusthethermalenergyitcarries—islessthaniftherefrigerantvaporwerewarmerbeforecompression.Here,then,liesagenuinedrawbackofheatpumps:inextremelycoldclimates—wherethemostheatisneeded—heatpumpsareleastabletosupplyenoughheat.1.Theprimarypurposeofthetextisto[A]explainthedifferencesintheworkingofaheatpumpwhentheoutdoor凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！temperaturechanges.[B]contrasttheheatingandthecoolingmodesofheatpumps.[C]describeheatpumps,theiruse,andfactorsaffectingtheiruse.[D]advocatethemorewidespreaduseofheatpumps.2.Theauthorresolvesthequestionofwhetherheatpumpsruncountertotheprincipleofenergyconservationby[A]carefullyqualifyingthemeaningofthatprinciple.[B]pointingoutafactualeffortinthestatementthatgivesrisetothisquestion.[C]supplyingadditionalrelevantfacts.[D]denyingtherelevanceofthatprincipletoheatpumps.3.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat,inthecourseofaheatingseason,theheatingcapacityofaheatpumpisgreatestwhen[A]heatingisleastessential.[B]electricityratesarelowest.[C]itscompressorrunsthefastest.[D]outdoortemperaturesholdsteady.4.Iftheauthor’sassessmentoftheuseofheatpumps(lines1-4)iscorrect,whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthelessonthatadvertisersshouldlearnfromthiscase?[A]Donotmakeexaggeratedclaimsabouttheproductsyouaretryingtopromote.[B]Focusyouradvertisingcampaignonvagueanalogiesandveiledimplicationsinsteadofonfacts.[C]Donotusefactsinyouradvertisingthatwillstraintheprospectiveclient’sabilitytobelieve.[D]Donotassumeinyouradvertisingthattheprospectiveclientsknoweventhemostelementaryscientificprinciples.5.Thetextsuggeststhatheatpumpswouldbeusedmorewidelyif[A]theycouldalsobeusedasairconditioners.[B]theycouldbemovedaroundtosupplyheatwhereitismostneeded.[C]theirheatoutputcouldbethermostaticallycontrolled.[D]peopleappreciatedtheroleoftheevaporatorintheenergyequation.[答案与考点解析]1.【答案】C【考点解析】这是一道中心主旨题。本文的第二、三、四段描述了“heatpumps”的相关物理原理，第一、五、六段谈到了影响“heatpumps”应用的原因。由此可见本题的正确选项应该是C。考生在解题时一定要对全文的整体结构有所认识，并将各段的主题句联系起来加以理解。2.【答案】C【考点解析】这是一道段落间关系题。通过题干中的“thequestionofwhetherheatpumpsruncountertotheprincipleofenergyconservation”可迅速确定本题的答案信息来源应该在第二段，因为第一段就是本题的题干。通过仔细阅读原文可发现本题的答案凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！信息来源在第二、三、四段，在这三段中本文作者为解决相关问题给出了“relevantfacts”(相关事实)。可见本题的正确选项应该是C。考生在解题时一定要注意段落之间的相互关系。3.【答案】A【考点解析】这是一道审题定位与反推题。通过本题题干中的“heatingseason”可迅速将本题的答案信息来源确定在尾段，因为尾段中的“extremelycoldclimates”暗示出“heatingseason”。通过仔细阅读和理解尾段并且进行相应的推导就可得出本题的正确选项A。考生在解题时首先要具备审题定位的能力，另外在解题时不能仅仅停留于字面含义，要多动脑子进行合理的推导。4.【答案】C【考点解析】这是一道归纳推导题。题干把本题所涉及的问题确定在第一段，而本文作者对于该问题的解释和说明确在第四段。通过对这两段的综合归纳推导，可得出本题的正确选项是C。由于作者在第四段的深刻解释帮助解决了人们心中的疑惑，但是这两段的深层含义暗示我们：人们在做广告时要避免使用超出消费者可信度的信息。考生在解题时要注意段落之间的联系，更要注意作者所要传递的深层含义。5.【答案】D【考点解析】这是一道审题定位与段落间关系题。通过题干中的“heatpumpswouldbeusedmorewidely”可迅速确定本题的题干来自于首段，在首段中我们也可以得知阻碍“heatpumps”被大家广泛接受的原因是“contradictingtheprincipleofenergyconservation”。在本文的第四段作者对第一段中所涉及的问题给出了合理的解释，指出“heatpumps”并没有“contradictingtheprincipleofenergyconservation”。问题出在人们对于“evaporator”缺乏了解。综合