被动语态的用法小结

被动语态的用法小结被动语态表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，其句子的谓语动词是“be+及物动词的过去分词”。此外，被动语态的句子还有各种时态的变化，都体现在be上。例如：①Theworkwascompletedonawindynight.②Thiskindofchocolatehasbeenmadeseveraltimes.③Theroadwillbebuiltnextyear.④ThehousewasbeingcleanedwhenIcamehome.⑤Thesetreesmustbetakengoodcareof.下面我们详细的来了解一下：★使用被动语态的场合1、不知道或不必指出动作的执行者时。如：Computersarewidelyusedintransport.Thehousehasbeenbrokeninto.2、强调动作的承受者时。如：Athirdringwillbebuiltaroundthiscity.3、出于策略、婉转、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者时。如：Muchhasbeensaidbutlittlehasbeendoneabouttheissue.4、有些措词故意避免用主语，或用“有人”、“大家”之类，经常用it作形式主语构成被动语态结构。如：Itissaidthatanothersteelplantwillbesetupinthiscity.特别记住下列句型：Itishopedthat…希望……Itissupposedthat…据推测说……Itmustbepointedoutthat…必须指出……Itwillbeseenthat…由此可以看出……Itisknownthat…据说……Itiswellknownthat…众所周知……Itisbelievedthat…有人相信……Itisthoughtthat…人们认为……主动语态表示被动意义的几种情况：1.lock,open,shut,move,read,sell,wash,write等动词,用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时,用主动形式表达被动意义,且常与not,hardly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副词连用。如:Thedoordoesn’topeneasily.Bikesofthatkindhardlysell.2.weigh,measure,cost,last,breakout,takeplace,happen等状态动词或不及物动词及词组,虽然有被动意义,但要用主动形式。如:Themeetinglastedtwohours.3.feel,look,sound,smell,taste,prove,remain等这些比较特殊的系动词,用主动形式表达被动意义。如:Histheorysoundsreasonable.Thedishsmellsdelicious.4.need,want,require等动词以及形容词worth后面,常跟动词-ing形式,用主动形式表达被动意义。如:Thisdictionaryiswellworthbuying.5.easy,difficult,hard,heavy等形容词后面跟动词不定式,用主动形式表被动意义,并且该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。如:Whatlifewillbelikeinthefutureisdifficulttopredict.6.不定式作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时,用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如:Shehasanoldgrandfathertolookafter.Haveyouanyhomeworktodothisevening?7.主语＋系动词＋todo结构也是主动形式表被动意义,主要用于sth.＋betolet/rent或sb.＋be＋toblame结构中。如:It’snotmyfault;sheistoblame.使用被动语态应该注意的几个问题1、不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省。Thebossmadehimworkovertime.→Hewasmadetoworkovertime.2、get+过去分词也可构成被动语态像get+married/beaten/broken/damaged/repaired/dressed等构成的被动语态一般指动作的结果，而非动作本身。如：JohnandJanegetmarriedlastmonth.语法专练1.Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey_____therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.(2006重庆)A.willgiveB.havebeengivenC.havegivenD.willbegiven2.Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines__________bynow.(2006陕西)A.hascompletedB.havecompletedC.havebeencompletedD.hasbeencompleted3.Althoughthecausesofcancer____,wedonotyethaveanypracticalwaytopreventit.(2006山东)A.arebeinguncoveredB.havebeenuncoveringC.areuncoveringD.haveuncovered4.Millionsofpounds'worthofdamage_____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.（2005重庆）A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused.5.—Don'tyouthinkitnecessarythathe_______toMiamibuttoNewYork?—Iagree,buttheproblemis________hehasrefusedto.（2005江苏）A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what6.—Whatdoyouthinkofthespeech?—Thespeakersaidalmostnothingworth_______.A.listeningB.beinglistenedtoC.listeningtoD.beinglistening7.Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeopletoeatmorefruitandvegetables.A.persuadeB.willpersuadeC.bepersuadedD.arepersuaded8.Thecarwhich______mycousinwaslostlastweek.A.wasbelongedtoB.belongingtoC.wasbelongingtoD.belongedto9.—Accordingtotheagreement,youmustfinishtheworkbythismonth.—Don’tworry.We’retryinghardandit_______thatlong.A.doesn’tlastB.won’tlastC.won’tbelastedD.isn’tlasted10.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper______inbroaddaylightyesterday.A.beingrobbedB.havingbeenrobbedC.tohavebeenrobbedD.robbed11._______thathewouldmakegreaterprogressinhisstudyofFrench.A.HewashopedB.ItwashopedC.HeishopedD.Itishoping12.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks______tothenationasagift.A.haveofferedB.hasofferedC.isofferedD.areoffered语法专练1-6BAAABC7-12DDBCBC