Lisa美语笔记整理

第1页共31页元音音素：通用：单元音：前元音：/i//i://e//æ/后元音：/u//u://ɔ//ɔ://ʌ//a:/中元音：/ə//ə:/双元音：合口双元音：/ei//ai//ɔi//au//əu/集口双元音：/iə//ɛə//uə/KK:单元音：/i//ɪ//ɛ//æ//ɑ//ə//ʌ//ɔ//ʊ//u//ɚ//ɝ/双元音：/e//o//aɪ//aʊ//ɔɪ/DJ:单元音：前元音：/ɪ//i://e//æ/后元音：/ʊ//u://ɒ//ɔ://ʌ//ɑ:/中元音：/ə//ɜ:/双元音：合口双元音：/eɪ//aɪ//ɒɪ//aʊ//əʊ/集口双元音：/ɪə//eə//ʊə/辅音音素KK&DJ：爆破音：/p//b//t//d//k//g/摩擦音：/f//v//θ//ð//s//z//∫//ʒ//r//h/破擦音：/ts//dz//tr//dr//t∫//dʒ/鼻音：/m//n//ŋ/第2页共31页边音：/l/半元音：/w//j/1.元音音素/i//ɪ//ɛ//æ//ɑ//ə/(/ʌ/)/ɔ//ʊ//u//ɚ//ɝ//e//o//aɪ//aʊ//ɔɪ/pleaseseemeatbelievethisdifficultifdinnerbedmendressfriendapplemanstandangryhottopicofficemodernbutgunjumplovealwaystallboughtthoughtbookfootpullpushtookmoonshoesroombluefirstThursdaygirlworklategatebaseballstayOKgodroveslowmomenttimewildninediningnowhousegroundannounceenjoynoiseboysannoying2.中性/松元音/ɪ//ɛ//ə//ʊ/紧元音/i//æ//ɑ//u//ɔ/fool-fullhot-hutsteel-stillbag-beg3./i/与/ɪ//i/嘴唇向两边收紧，扁唇；舌头在口腔里向后收紧第3页共31页seecheesepleasebeatbelievedeceive/ɪ/嘴唇放松；舌头位于正常位置，放松ifdifferentthisthingsystemgymfeet-fitleave-livesleep-slipthese-thisfeel-fillsteel-stilleat-itbeach-bitchsheet-shit注意：主要区别不是长短而是紧松。被强调时，松元音也可变长Wow,yourhouseisbig!4./a/与/ə//a/上下张大嘴，把舌头贴在口腔底部，舌尖触碰下齿hotfatherarmywatch/ə/嘴唇放松；舌头位于正常位置，放松upfunbutnumbercousincountrylovesonotherdone/a/发音通常较长，特别是重读的名词和形容词That’simpossible.Ilovemynewjob.shot-shutDon-donelock-luckcop-cupnot-nutrobber-rubber5./u/与/ʊ//u/双唇收圆，小圆唇foodmoonbluetrue第4页共31页/ʊ/双唇稍撅looktookshookwouldcouldshouldpushpullfool-fullLuke-lookpool-pull6./æ/嘴角向两边拉开；上下齿高度为食指中指指尖叠加高度；舌头下贴，向后收紧。英美发音不同：classmathmathclass发音通常较长，特别是名词和动词appleangrymanfatdanceclassdanceclassLosAngelesCaliforniarandomanswer7./ɔ/上下张口，口型呈椭圆形，像鸡蛋，略撅嘴。英美发音不同calltallfallsmallalwaysautomobileAugustaudienceapplaudsawlawawfulHepausedinthehalltotalkwithPaul.Theauthortalkedtothesmallaudience.Weallthoughtyouboughtitatthemall.It’sawfulthathealwaysbreaksthelaw!He’sexhaustedbecausehe’sbeenwalkingalldaylong.8./o/滑动postmomentgoflowslowshowroadboatsoap第5页共31页No,Idon’t.Don’tgo.soslowalmostover9./ɚ//ɝ/一短，一长发音方式/ə/+/r/herteachergrammarlearnheardbirdfirstgirlworkworrywordnursehurtworkearlylearnthewordsearlybirdperfectworld10.单词重音重读音节内的元音要读得重而长bananaCanadabiologyphotography句子中的重读：确定重读单词，重读音节内的元音要读得重而长Ilovemynewjob.Iloveit.Ihavetocallhim.You’rereallytall.It’shot.Let’sgotothepark.Igotajobatthehospital.11.单词非重读音节的弱化symbollocalrecord句子中的弱读Let’smeetattwoo’clock.第6页共31页I’dliketotalktothepilot.Let’smeetforbreakfast.I’dlovetogoforawalk.12.辅音/p//b//t//d//k//g//f//v//θ//ð//s//z//∫//ʒ//r//h//ts//dz//tr//dr//t∫//dʒ//m//n//ŋ//l//w//j/13.发准每一个音句子中单词的每个辅音都要发音到位。因此，我们在讲英语时要注意自己的口型probablyingeneralseventwelve数字练习：1-2014.清辅音与浊辅音/p//b//t//d//k//g//f//v//θ//ð//s//z//∫//ʒ//tr//dr//t∫//dʒ//ts//dz/清辅音前的元音发音较短，浊辅音前的元音发音较长ice-eyesback-bagsafe-savepick-piglock-loglight-liedleaf-leavecup-cub15./θ//ð/舌尖位于两齿间，轻触上齿，气流由舌尖和上齿间流出bathbothmathThankyou.Thursdaythirstyanythinghealthyfathermothertherethissoothe16./l/第7页共31页尾音/l/：释放舌头，让舌尖触碰上齿后面并停留，气流由舌头两侧流，softerandlonger，要能听出清晰的音callBillschoolwallfeelillfeelillawfulfilmawfulfilmlittleanimallittleanimalI’llcallyoutotellyouaboutthefilm.Ifeelterribleaboutthepoliticalscandal,IthinkI’llbeabletohandleitbymyself.You’lldowellatschool.17./r/舌头卷曲，不接触口腔，向后面拉英式英语元音因素后的/r/通常不发出来hearlearnteacherGermanRobertParkerfirstpersoncomputerpictureovertherepark18./w/卷起嘴唇，肺部有大量的气流流出，声带振动waitwelcomealwaysquickquietquestionrequirequalityliquid19./v/上齿轻触上唇，浊辅音veryvotefiveelevensevenvillagevisitvacationNovembervow-wowvet-wetvine-winevest-west20./s//z/hasiswasbecausethesethosepleasealways第8页共31页booksbagsboyslaughsfeelsplays名词复数及动词第三人称单数/s/&/z/读法清辅音后读/s/浊辅音或元音后读/z/21.停顿辅音与连续辅音停顿辅音爆破音/p//b//t//d//k//g/连续辅音/s//z//f//v//θ//ð//∫//ʒ//ŋ/音节后的/m//n//l/①爆破音后接辅音时失去爆破②爆破音在句尾时失去爆破不释放的/t/：位于句尾，或后接可连读外的辅音No,it’snot.I’mnotthathot.You’requiteright.Ican’tdoit.Iwantthatbluehat.Robert,youmightberight.It’snotthatdifferent.Whatdidyoueatlastnight?Ican’twaitforthatflight.第9页共31页22.当/t/处于两元音之间，听起来像轻而快的/d/，弹跳/d/bettercityabilitywaterlittleautoautomaticmetaldataYes,itis.Igotupateleveno’clock.Doyouwanttogetinorgetout?Iboughtitatacomputerstore.Whatanicedayitis!23.同一音节内，当/t/后面跟着/n/时发出en声：发/t/时，把舌头保持在上齿龈，然后直接发/n/，让气流由鼻腔流出，发出en声writtenmountaincertaincurtainIamcertainthat’sthetallestmountain.Mycottonshirthasbuttons.Ihaveforgottenwhenthebookwaswritten.MartinwasborninGreatBritain.24./ŋ/thinkingworkingpractisinginterestingthing/ŋ/的连读Whatareyouthinkingof?Whatareyoutalkingabout?bringingsinginghanger25./tr//dr/短轻/t∫//dʒ/后接/r/trytraveltraditionintroducecontrol第10页共31页drydramadropdrasticaddresshundredSandra26./t∫//dʒ/t+u=/t∫/d+u=/dʒ/actuallystatuenaturepicturegraduateeducatescheduleindividual连读中的同化/t/+/j/=/t∫/Whycan’tyoudoit?/d/+/j/=/dʒ/Didyoudoit?Wouldyouliketoseetheschedule?Aren’tyougraduatinginthespring?Can’tyouseethestatue?Didyougetacollegeeducation?27.动词过去式读法动词以/t//d/结尾，ed读/id/waitedneededpaintedcompletedattendedcountedinvited动词以除了/t/的清辅音结尾，ed读/t/stoppedworkedparkedcookedpassedlaughedpushedwatched动词以除了/d/的浊辅音或元音结尾,ed读/d/robbedlovedrealizedusedcalledplayed28.节奏和语调第11页共31页重读与弱读构成了节奏29.音节重读音节的概念重读音节的元音发音更响亮更长(louder,longerandhigherinpitch)seatscience