MBA-商务英语-Unit6-Banking

By:LuLUMBA商务英语Unit6Banking1Unit6Banking(银行业)商人银行（merchantbank）和商业银行(CommercialBank)的区别HistoryofBankinginChinaThehistoryofbankinginChinaincludesthebusinessofdealingwithmoneyandcredittransactionsinChina.Jiaozi(Chinese:交子),theworld'sfirstpaper-printedcurrency,aninnovationoftheSongera(960-1279).Jiaoziisaformofbanknotewhichappearedaround10thcenturyintheSichuancapitalofChengdu,China.Mostnumismatists(古钱学家)generallyregarditasthefirstpapermoneyinhistory,adevelopmentoftheChineseSongDynasty(960-1279AD).Chinesefinancialinstitutionswereconductingallmajorbankingfunctions,includingtheacceptanceofdeposits,themakingofloans,issuingnotes,moneyexchange,andlong-distanceremittanceofmoneybytheSongDynasty(960-1279).In1024,thefirstpapercurrencywasissuedbythestateinSichuan.Theinstitutionsofpiaohao(票號)andqianzhuang(錢莊)moreoftencooperatedthancompetedinChina'sfinancialmarket.AnearlyChinesebankinginstitutionwascalledthepiaohao,alsoknownasShanxibanksbecausetheywereownedprimarilybynativesofShanxi.ThefirstpiaohaooriginatedfromtheXiyuechengDyeCompanyofPingyao.Todealwiththetransferoflargeamountsofcashfromonebranchtoanother,thecompanyintroduceddrafts,cashableinthecompany'smanybranchesaroundChina.AlthoughthisnewmethodwasoriginallydesignedforbusinesstransactionswithintheXiyuechengCompany,itbecamesopopularthatin1823theownergaveupthedyebusinessaltogetherandreorganisedthecompanyasaspecialremittancefirm,RishengchangPiaohao.Independentofthenationwidenetworkofpiaohaotherewerealargenumberofsmallnativebanks,generallycalledqianzhuang.TheseinstitutionsfirstappearedintheYangziDeltaregion,inShanghai,Ningbo,andShaoxing.Thefirstqianzhuangcanbetracedtoatleastthemid-eighteenthcentury.China’sCentralBankPeople’sBankofChinaChina’scentralbank---thePeople’sBankOfChinaThePeople’sBankofChinaisledbytheStateCounciloftheChinesegovernmentandempoweredtosupervisethenation’sbankingbusinessandtocarryoutthemonetarypolicyaccordingtothedevelopmentofthenationaleconomy.ThePeople'sBankofChina(PBOC)isChina’scentralbank,whichformulatesandimplementsmonetarypolicy.ThePBOCmaintainsthebankingsector'spayment,clearingandsettlementsystems,andmanagesofficialforeignexchangeandgoldreserves.ItoverseestheStateAdministrationofForeignExchange(SAFE)forsettingforeign-exchangepolicies.•conductofmonetarypolicy•regulationandsupervisionofmarketsandinstitutionsBy:LuLUMBA商务英语Unit6Banking2•provisionofpaymentandsettlementservices•issuecurrencyandregulateitscirculation•managetheofficialinternationalreserves•actasfiscalagent•participateininternationalfinancialcooperationonbehalfofthestateChinaBankingRegulatoryCommission(CBRC)wasofficiallylaunchedonApril28,2003,totakeoverthesupervisoryroleofthePBOC.ThegoalofthelandmarkreformistoimprovetheefficiencyofbanksupervisionandtohelpthePBOCtofurtherfocusonthemacroeconomyandcurrencypolicy.China’sPolicybanks政策性银行–ChinaDevelopmentBank(CDB)–AgriculturalDevelopmentBankofChina(ADBC)–Export-ImportBankofChina(Chexim)China’sPolicybanks(non-commercialbank)wereestablishedin1994totakeoverthegovernment-directedspendingfunctionsofthefourstate-ownedcommercialbanks.Thesebanksareresponsibleforfinancingeconomicandtradedevelopmentandstate-investedprojects.CDBspecializesininfrastructurefinancing,theADBCprovidesfundsforagriculturaldevelopmentprojectsinruralareas;andCheximspecializesintradefinancing.ThebigfourState-ownedCommercialBanks---BankofChina(BOC)---AgriculturalBankofChina(ABC)---ConstructionBankofChina(CCB)---Industrial&CommercialBankofChina(ICBC)TheBankofChina(BOC)specializesinforeign-exchangetransactionsandtradefinance.In2002,BOCHongKong(Holdings)wassuccessfullylistedontheHongKongStockExchange.TheUSD2.8billionofferingwasover-subscribedby7.5times.ThedealwasasignificantmoveinthereformofChina’sbankingindustry.TheAgricultureBankofChina(ABC)specializesinprovidingfinancingtoChina'sagriculturalsectorandofferswholesaleandretailbankingservicestofarmers,townshipandvillageenterprises(TVEs)andotherruralinstitutions.TheChinaConstructionBank(CCB)specializesinmediumtolong-termcreditforlongtermspecializedprojects,suchasinfrastructureprojectsandurbanhousingdevelopment.TheIndustrial&CommercialBankofChina(ICBC)isthelargestbankinChinabytotalassets,totalemployeesandtotalcustomers.ICBCdifferentiatesitselffromtheotherStateOwnedCommercialBanksbybeingsecondinforeignexchangebusinessand1stinRMBclearingbusiness.ItusedtobethemajorsupplieroffundstoChina'surbanareasandmanufacturingsector.12JointStockCommercialBanksBankofCommunicationsChinaCITICBankHuaXiaBankBy:LuLUMBA商务英语Unit6Banking3ChinaMerchantsBankEverbrightBankofChinaChinaMinshengBankingShanghaiPudongDevelopmentBank(SPDBANK)ShenzhenDevelopmentBankChinaBohaiBankGuangdongDevelopmentBankIndustrialBankChinaZheshangBankJoint-ventureBanks合资银行---NingboInternationalBank---XiamenInternationalBankOtherbanks:---CityCommercialBanks---ForeignBanks’BranchesForeignBanks’BranchesCitiBankHSBCABNBankofTokyo-MitsubishiDBSBankBangkokBankCSFBStandardCharteredBankBankofEastAsiaHangSengBankMizuhoCorporateBankWingHangBankDepositRMBdepositForeigncurrencydep