经典非谓语-成分上

1.Hestoodthere,tiredfromawholedayofwork,thinkingofawaytoescapefromtheconstructionsite.2.Thenewsconference,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.HavingreachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind.4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.Hemusthavemorethan200bynow.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.状语状语(宾语)补语定语定语宾语找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。还可以有自己的宾语和状语构成非谓语短语在句中一起做成分。主要形式：不定式tododoingdonemake主动形式被动形式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式(not)tomake(not)tohavemade(not)tobemaking(not)tohavebeenmaking(not)tobemade(not)tohavebeenmade主动形式被动形式一般式完成式否定形式:not+-ing的形式△--ing：(do)过去分词:donedoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone2.看“_____”上要填的非谓语动词与相关的名或代词（多是主语）的逻辑关系主谓关系动宾关系主动关系被动关系todo一般式进行式完成式doing一般式完成式done非谓语动词解题一般思路1.分析句子成分，看“_____”上要填谓语还是非谓语towritetobewrittentobewriting————tohavewrittentohavebeenwrittenwritingbeingwrittenhavingwrittenhavingbeenwritten————written非谓语动词的比较作主语的区别不定式作主语表示具体动作Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)+ing作主语通常表示抽象动作；Smokingisprohibitedhere．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)不定式和+ing作表语的区别（1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来动作。WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.Hiswishistobuyacarinthenearfuture.(2)动名词作表语表示抽象的一般性的行为。Ourworkisservingthepeople.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.(3)分词作表语.表示心理状态的动词加上ing变成现在分词,译为“令人……的”,加上ed变成过去分词,译为“感到…….”Interesting/interesteddelighting/delightedexciting/excitedDisappointing/disappointedTravellingisinterestingbuttiring.Theywereveryexcitedatthenews不定式、动名词和分词3作宾语英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式.但有些动词要求:A只能加不定式作宾语的动词:affordagreeappearaskattemptbegchoosedecidedemanddesigndesiredetermineexpectfailHappenhopemanageplanwishpretendrefuseB只能加动名词作宾语的动词：admitappreciateavoidconsiderdelayenjoyescapefinishimaginekeepmindmisspermitpractisepreventrisksuggeststandallowadviseforbidneedrequireC有些动词后使用动名词和不定式作宾语的意思差别：forgettodo/forgetdoingstoptodo/stopdoingremembertodo/doingregrettodo/doingtrytodo/doingmeantodo/doingD有些动词使用动名词和不定式意思无差别love，like，hate，prefer，intend，start，continue不定式和动名词E这些常用的词组要求用动名词作宾语can’thelpcan’tstandbeworthdevotetolookforwardtosticktobeusedtoobjecttobebusyfeellikegetdownto3动词不定式和动名词作宾语比较（1）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：want，wish，hope，manage，demand，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect等。Weagreed_______here，butsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet．（NMET1995）A．havingmetB．meetingC．tomeetD．tohavemetC（2）有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，forgive，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，resist，risk，suggest，deny等。Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissed_______．（MET1987）A．catchingB．tobecaughtC．beingcaughtD．tocatchIwouldappreciate_______backthisafternoon．（MET1992）A．youtocallB．youcallC．youcallingD．you'recallingCC（3）有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词，意义上无多大区别，如：love，like，hate，prefer，intend，start，continue等。Iintendtofinish／finishingthetaskthismorning．注意问题1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别1）forgettodoforgetdoing2）stoptodostopdoing3）remembertodorememberdoing4)regrettodoregretdoing5）trytodotrydoing忘记要去做某事（此事未做）忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事停止正在或经常做的事记住去做某事（未做）记得做过某事(已做)对要做的事遗憾对做过的事遗憾、后悔努力、企图做某事试验、试一试某种办法注意问题1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别6)meantodomeandoing7）goontodogoondoing打算，有意要…意味着继而（去做另外一件事情）继续（原先没有做完的事情）（4）有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词，但意义上有区别，如：forget，remember，mean，regret，stop，try等。—Thelightintheofficeisstillon．—Oh，Iforgot_______．（MET1991）A．turningitoffB．turnitoffC．toturnitoffD．havingturneditoff—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting．—Well，nowIregret_______that．（NMET1995）A．todoB．tobedoingC．tohavedoneD．havingdoneCD做宾补的区别有些使役动词及感官动词后如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,notice,watch,observe等动词不定式只说明宾语的一个动作,宾语与动词不定式是主动关系Justthenheheardsomeonesinginthenextroom.现在分词说明宾语的动作正在进行，宾语与现在分词是主动关系Thenheheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.过去分词说明宾语与过去分词是被动关系Hehadhisbikerepairedyesterday.Hefoundhiswatchstolen.不定式,现在分词,过去分词作宾补:Wesawtheteacher___________________.（做实验）I’veneverheardthesong______________(用英语唱）doingtheexperimentsunginEnglish二.考查不定式作定语动词不定式(短语)作定语时,与其所修饰的名词有以下几种关系。1)同位关系2)主谓关系3)动宾关系同位关系不定式所修饰的名词是抽象名词,不定式说明这个名词的内容。这类名词有:chance,way,right,need,decision,hope,wish,reason等e.g:Thentheytalkedaboutthewaytoimproveit.Heislookingforachancetogoabroad.Hisbrotherexpressedhiswishtobecomeadoctor.Theblackpeoplehadnorighttosharefreedom.主谓关系当被修饰的名词在逻辑上与不定式存在主谓关系,特别当其前有序数词、形容词最高级或theonly修饰时,常用不定式作定语。根据汉语填空:①JohnSmithis(唯一知道秘密的人)②Thedirectorisalways(最后一个离开的人)③Pleasetakethebest(治咳嗽的药)theonlymantoknowthesecret.thelasttoleave.medicinetocureyourcough.动宾关系当被修饰的名词与不定式在逻辑上存在动宾关系时，常用不定式作定语，且不定式用主动形式表被动意义。不定式通常修饰have，give，want，need，find等动词的宾语。1)Pleasegivemesomething.A.toeatB.tobeeaten2)Hehasgotalotofquestions.A.tobeaskedB.toask3)WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn，hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson.A.tosendB.forsendingC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto注:作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式须有相应的介词。如:1)Heislookingforaroomtolivein.2)Thereisnothingtoworryabout.3)Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.上面的不定式短语均可改成:“介词+which/whom不定式”结构。=Heislookingforaroominwhichtolive.=Thereisnothingaboutwhichtoworry.=Pleasegivemeaknifewithwhichtocut.1.Thetravelwassotiredthatheanxioustofindabed.A.tosleepB.tosleeponwasC.tobesleptonD.sleeping2.Withou