2013年高考英语一轮总复习语法专题复习 7. 主谓一致课件

英语中谓语在人称、数方面必须与主语保持一致。一、主谓一致主要遵循以下三个原则1．语法形式上一致1)当主语带有前置或后置定语或插入语时，注意确定主语，以下句中画线部分为主语，谓语应与其保持一致。Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolis1,700.我们学校学生的数量是1700。Morethanone_studenthasseentheplay.不只是一个学生看了那场戏。Manya_boyhasboughtthatkindoftoy.许多男孩都买了那种玩具。Lotsofdamagewascausedbyflood.洪水带来了很大损失。Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountryside.许多学生去了乡村。He,_aswellasthetwogirls,wasabsentfromthemeeting.他和那两个女孩都缺席了会议。The_officer,_ratherthanministersanswersforit.是那位官员而不是部长们应该为此受到惩罚。Mary,_alongwithherfriends,isgoingabroad.玛丽和她的朋友们将出国。Thegirllikemanyboysisfondoffootball.那女孩像很多男孩一样酷爱足球。Everyonehere,includingoldpeople,likesreading.这里每一个人包括老人们都喜欢阅读。2)“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语以及由“halfof,allof,partof,therestof,mostof,anyof＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。Fortypercentoftheworkhasbeendone.workshavebeenpublished.Mostofthefoodisfittoeat.theapplesarefittoeat.3)当量词作主语时，谓语动词形式看量词的数而定。如：Thispairofshoesneedsmending.Twobottlesofwineareneeded.4)用and或both…and…连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：BothMaryandJackareadmittedtothecompetition.Mary和Jack都有比赛资格。注意：如果并列主语指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Aknifeandforkisonthetable.Thethiefandmurderwassentencedtodeath.2．意义上一致1)某些集体名词如family，team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，如果指集体中的成员时用复数。Herfamilyissmall,butthefamilyareadvancedworkers.这类名词常用的有audience,class，club,committee,company,crew(水手)，crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team等。2)当名词词组中心词为表示度、量、距离、金钱、时间、书名等复数名词时，常把这些复数名词看成一个整体，谓语用单数。Heisrich,so1,000dollarsisasmallsumofmoneytohim.Fiveminutesisenoughtofinishthetask.3．就近原则如果连词or,either…or…，neither…nor…，notonly…butalso…，not…but…等连接的并列主语，一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。EitheryouorIammad.Notonestudentbuttenstudentswerelateforclassthismorning.二、主谓一致在高考中的运用1．主谓一致在广东高考语法填空中是一个常见的考点，比如在2008年的试题中，“Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften______(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.”答案应为results，因为句子的主语是Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop，此时谓语应为单数，结合时态考虑，应为results。主谓一致这一考点通常都是搭配动词使用的，在广东高考语法填空中给出动词，用其适当形式填空时有可能会体现这一考点。这个时候就要求考生要认清句子的主语，再结合适当的时态，写出正确的答案。2．主谓一致在写作中也是值得考生注意的。每写一个句子，都要确定其在人称、时态和数上的一致，要尽量避免一些小的错误，提高自己作文部分的得分。一、按语法要求填空。1．Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwho________(wear)eveningdress.2．Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts__________(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagers.3．SuchpoetsasShakespeare________(be)widelyread,ofwhoseworks,however,somearedifficulttounderstand.4．Theteachertogetherwiththestudents________(be)discussingReadingSkillsthat________(be)newlypublishedinAmerica.wearshascausedareisare5．Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents________(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.6．Asurveyoftheopinionsofexpertsshowsthatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek________(be)goodforone'shealth.7．Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone­third__________(use)regularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.8．Apoetandartist________(be)comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.9．Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren________(go)skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.isiswereusedisgoes10．Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonroads________(keep)risingthesedays.11．Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth__________________(wash)awayeachyear.12．NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandI________(know)thatthedirectorisgoingtoresign.13．Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager_______________(encourage)toworkonlineathome.14．Everypossiblemeans_____________(use)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.15．ItoldhimwhatIwassurprisedat________(be)hisattitudetowardshisstudy.keepsarebeingwashedknowsareencouragedhasbeenusedwas二、根据中文提示翻译下列句子。1．这里三分之一的人口是工人。Onethirdofthepopulationhere______________.2．又聋又哑很难与人交流。Beingdeafanddumb_______________________________.3．受伤的人都被送进了医院。Theinjured______________________________________.areworkersmakescommunicationverydifficultweretakentohospital4．这个海里大量的水被污染了。Alargequantityofwaterinthesea______________sofar.5．每一种方法我们都用过了，但是我们还是救不了他。Everymeans_______________butwecan'tsavehim.6．老师和学生们在讨论问题。Theteacherwithhisstudents__________aquestion.hasbeenpollutedhasbeentriedisdiscussing三、按语法要求填空。AInNorthAmericapeople1.________(be)alwaysinahurry.Childrenhavespeciallessonsorsportsactivitiesafterschool.Parentsoftenworklateandwon'tgethomeuntil7or8o'clockatnight.MostNorthAmericanfamilies2.________(not)havetimetoprepareamealbecausethefamily3.________(be)sobusy.Thatiswhyfastfood4.________(be)sopopularinNorthAmerica.Peoplespendabout40%oftheirdollarsonfastfood.Itseemstothem100dollarsadayforfastfood5.________(be)notthatmuch.aredon'tareisisPeopleusuallybuyfastfoodfromrestaurantchainssuchasPizzaHut,McDonald's,orKFC,wheretheycanenjoypizza,sandwiches,friedchicken,andsoon.Fastfood6.________(save)workandtime,butitisnothealthy.Fastfoodispopularinmanycountries.Americanfast­foodcompaniesnowhaverestaurantsallovertheworld.Thenumberoffastfoodrestaurants7.________(reach)suchagreatonethatnoonereally8.________(know)whatitis.Butnoteveryone9.________(be)happyaboutthespread(扩展)ofNorthAmericanfastfood.AgroupofpeopleinItaly10.________(