基于单片机的智能火灾报警系统

1基于单片机的智能火灾报警系统摘要随着科学技术的快速发展与进步，人们的生活水平也在不断的提高，科技给人们带来了越来越多的便利，例如电力科技的迅速发展和应用，各种合成材料也不断的产生，新型能源也不断的被发现，电气自动化的程度不断的提高等等，这都极大的改善了人们衣食住行等生活的基本必需品的条件。但是其负面的影响也伴随着显现出来，例如石油液化气，多种电子产品，易燃易爆的装饰物品等我们周围经常能接触到的很多常见的生活用品，这必然埋下了巨大的隐患，造成了以后火灾的发生，因此人们虽然在无时无刻的享受科学技术所带来的方便与好处，但也无时无刻不在受到那些潜藏的火灾的暴发的威胁。正如人们所说的一样，水火无情，所以为了避免火灾的发生以及最大限度的减少火灾所造成的损失，给人们带来更加安宁的生活，通过残酷的现实和那些令人震惊的教训，我们务必要设计出更加完善的智能火灾报警系统，来提高火灾的预警度和早期对其的处理水平，以便我们能顺得的将还处在萌芽状态下的火灾及时的消灭，从而最大限度地降低火灾的发生对社会财富造成的损失。基于此种情况，本设计从人们生活中的现实情况开始出发，设计出了一种可以应用到多种公共场所的报警系统，即基于单片机的智能火灾报警系统。该火灾报警系统的控制中心是AT89C51单片机，它可以接受并处理火灾探测器所显示出的烟雾浓度信号和温度信号，并发出声光报警。该系统通过不断的向火灾发生现场发射出巡检信号来监测现场的烟雾浓度和温度等参数，并连续不断的向报警控制器反馈，接着控制器将接收到的参数信号与内部存储的正常整定值进行比较和判断，以确定此2环境是否会有火灾发生。当此环境中的烟雾浓度或者温度参数发生异常时，发或者火灾发生时，便可立即实现声光报警、温度和烟雾浓度报警限设置、故障的自我诊断、报警延时等。本设计中的烟雾传感器不仅结构简单，性能稳定，而且操作方便，价格低廉，并且是智能化的，具有一定的实用价值。关键词智能报警;AT89C51单片机;控制器;传感器3AbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentandprogressofscienceandtechnology,people'slivingstandardhasbeenimproved,scienceandtechnologyhavebroughtmoreandmoreconveniencetopeople,suchastherapiddevelopmentandapplicationofelectricpowertechnology,variouskindsofsyntheticmaterialshavebeenproduced,newenergyhasbeenfound,theelectricalandautomationdegreeunceasingenhancement,thehavegreatlyimprovedthebasicnecessitiesoflifesuchastheconditionofthepeoplebasicnecessitiesoflife.Butitsnegativeeffectsareaccompaniedbytheshow,suchasliquefiedpetroleumgas,avarietyofelectronicproducts,alotofflammableandexplosivedecorativeitemsarounduscanoftencomeintocontactwiththecommondailyactivities,whichburiedthehugehiddentrouble,causedafterthefire,sopeopleineveryhourandmomenttoenjoytheconvenienceandthebenefitsofscienceandtechnology,butalsoeveryhourandmomentisnotinthehiddenfireoutbreakthreat.Astheysay,Fireandwaterhavenomercy.,soinordertoavoidtheoccurrenceoffireandminimizethelossescausedbythefire,bringmorepeacefullife,bythecruelrealityandtheshockinglesson,wemustdesignamoreperfectintelligentfirealarmsystem,toimprovethefirewarningdegreeandearlyontheprocessinglevel,sothatwecanarrangesowillalsointhebudunderthefiretimelyeliminated,thusminimizingtheoccurrencecauseofthelossofwealthofsocietyoffire.Basedonthis4situation,thedesignstartsfromtherealityofpeople'slife,anddesignedavarietyofalarmsystemcanbeappliedtopublicplaces,namelyintelligentfirealarmsystembasedonthesinglechipmicrocomputer.ThefirealarmcontrolcenterofthesystemisAT89C51mcu,Itcanacceptandprocessthefiredetectorshowsaconcentrationofsmokesignalsandtemperaturesignals,andsendoutsoundandlightalarm.Thesystemthroughcontinuoustothefirescenetoemittheinspectionsignaltomonitoringparametersinthefieldofsmokeconcentrationandtemperature,andcontinuousfeedbacktothealarmcontroller,thenthecontrollerparametersignalandtheinternalstoragereceivednormalsettingvaluecomparisonandjudgment,todeterminewhethertheenvironmentwillfire.Whentheenvironmentofthesmokeconcentrationortemperatureparameterswhenanexceptionoccurs,orwhenthefireoccurs,canimmediatelyachievesoundandlightalarm,temperatureandsmokeconcentrationalarmlimitsetting,faultselfdiagnosis,alarmdelay.Thedesignofthesmokesensorhastheadvantagesofsimplestructure,stableperformance,convenientoperation,lowprice,andisintelligent,hasacertainpracticalvalue.KeywordsIntelligentalarm;AT89C51singlechipmicrocomputer;Controller,Sensor5目录摘要.........................................................................................................................................................1Abstract......................................................................................................................................................31绪论.......................................................................................................................................................61.1选题的背景及意义....................................................................................................................61.2国内外发展状况和现状............................................................................................................71.2.1火灾报警系统发展历程................................................................................................71.2.2国内外火灾报警系统的发展现状................................................................................92火灾报警系统及其整体方案设计......................................................................................................112.1火灾发生时的特点..................................................................................................................112.2火灾报警系统的功能..............................................................................................................112.3系统的组成与结构..................................................................................................................122.3.1系统的硬件总体结构..................................................................................................142.3.2系统软件总体结构......................................................................................................153系统的硬件选择与设计.................................................................................................................