高中英语被动语态讲解与练习整理

１高中英语被动语态讲解一、被动语态的构成：动作承受者+助动词be（各种时态）+及物动词的过去分词+（by+动作发出者）1.Thatboybreakstheglass.Theglassisbrokenbythatboy.二、被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1.Werequestvisitorsnottotouchtheexhibits.(do)Visitors___________nottotouchtheexhibits(byus).(am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时被动语态)2.Thebossgavemetenminutestodecidewhetherishouldrejecttheoffer.(did)I___________tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer(bytheboss).（was/weredone一般过去时被动语态）3.Peoplewill/shalllosehundredsofjobsifthefactorycloses.(will/shalldo)Hundredsofjobs____________ifthefactorycloses.(will/shallbedone)ThecityisgoingtoholdthewinterOlympicGames.(begoingtodo)ThewinterOlympicGames_____________bythecity.(begoingtobedone)ThecatisabouttocatchthemousewhenIcomein.(beabouttodo)Themouse____________________bythecatwhenicomein.(beabouttobedone)Iamtobuyacarinthecomingmonth.(betodo)Acar________________bymeinthecomingmonth.(betobedone)(will/shall/begoingto/beaboutto/beto+bedone)一般将来时被动语态引申:Peoplewould/should/weregoingto/wereaboutto/weretosendthenewstosoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.Thenews__________________________________________thesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.4.Wehavecompletedallthepreparationforthetask.(havedone)Allthepreparationsforthetask_______________byus.(havebeendone)(havebeendone)现在完成时被动语态5.Bytheendoflastyear,Beijinghadcompletedanothernewgym.(haddone)Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgym______________inBeijing.(hadbeendone)(hadbeendone)过去完成时被动语态6.WewillhavecompletedtheprojectbeforeSeptember.(willhavedone)Theproject____________________________beforeJuly(willhavebeendone).(willhavebeendone)将来完成时被动语态7.Thecityisbuildinganewcinemahere.(bedoing)Anewcinema_____________herebythecity.(bebeingdone)(bebeingdone)现在进行时被动语态8.TheywereholdingameetingwhenIwasthere.(bedoing)Ameeting_________________whenIwasthere.(bebeingdone)(bebeingdone)过去进行时被动语态三.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。Thebaby-sittershouldtakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebaby_________________________bythebaby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.He____________________byhismotherforhisbirthday.3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.Theboy______________________acigarette.4）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语２时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.Astranger___________________intothebuilding.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。WeputoffthemeetingtillFriday.Themeeting___________tillFriday.四、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋done＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋done＋todosth.”。有：Itissaidthat…/Itissaidtodo据说,Itisreportedthat/Itisreportedtodo…据报道，Itisbelievedthat/Itisbelievedtodo…大家相信，Itishopedthat/Itishopedtodo大家希望，Itiswellknownthat/Itiswellknowntodo众所周知，Itisthoughtthat/Itisthoughttodo…大家认为，Itissuggestedthat/Itissuggestedtodo…据建议。Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.）五、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。Thiskindofclothwasheswell.Thedoorwon'tlock．（指门本身有毛病）Thedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.六、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义1．在need，want，require,bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．这房子需要修理。2．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．3.Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．4.形容词不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例Thisproblemisdifficult/easy/hard/important/impossible/interestingtoworkout.七、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：Theglassisbroken．（系表结构）Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy．（被动语态）七、被动语态与高考试题赏析1).Insomepartsoftheworld,tea___withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served2).ThisisTed’sphone.Wemisshimalot.He___tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling3).----Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?----Notyet,therooms_____.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting4).Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday___yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided5).Themanagerwashappytolearnthatthetickets___.A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbookedC.werebookedD.havebeenbooked6.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.A.DevelopedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped7.Thenewbridge___bytheendofnextmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.Willhavebeendesigned8.---Doyoulikethematerial?---Yes,it___verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt9.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．A．writeB．towriteC．tobewrittenD．written10---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?---Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread