定语从句4 - 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句与非限制性定Restrictiverelativeclausevs.Non-restrictiverelativeclause比较：Myson,whoisateacher,islivinginShanghainow.MysonwhoisateacherislivinginShanghainow.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区别1.Anarchitectisapersonwho/thatdesignshousesandbuildings.2.Thebankwhich/thatwasopenedlastweekisaverymodernone.3.Myson,whoisasurgeon,isnowinHarvard.4.Theisland,whichisatthemouthoftheriver,isbeingdevelopedasascenicspot.1.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思.非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开.Shehasasister,whoisateacher.Mr.Baker,who/whomtheteachersandstudentsrespect,hascompletedfortyyearsofteaching.Thetown,whichthousandsoftravelersvisiteveryyear,isknownforitsstonebridgesandsmallrivers.Mysisterisagooddesigner,whichIamnot.Hewroteagreatnovel,whichitstillistoday.2.非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作表语的关系代词不管是指人还是指物，仍用which,也不能省略。几种特殊形式的非限制性定语从句I.在非限制性定语从句中,ofwhich/whom常用于基数词或some,most,all,none,either,neither等词后面。例如：Thesebooks,twoofwhichIhaveread,areinteresting.Theteachersspeakhighlyofthesetofworkbooks,allofwhichhavecomeout.Theaudience,mostofwhomwerecollegestudents,enjoyedtheconcert.Thestudents,mostofwhomarefromthenorth,arenotusedtothewinterinShanghai.Trytofindsomemistakes:•Thestudents,mostofthemarefromthenorth,arenotusedtothewinterinShanghai.•Thepolicehadanumberofwitness,mostofthemhaveslightlydifferentdescriptionsofthesuspect.•I’vereadseveralbooks.Twoofthemareveryinteresting.•Hehasgotseveraldiseases,andsomeofwhicharecausedbylackofsleep.mostofwhommostofwhomHehasgotseveraldiseases,someofwhicharecausedbylackofsleep.correctWhoseandofwhom/whichThehero,whoseleftlegwaslostinthewar,iswelllookedafter.Thehero,thelegofwhomwaslostinthewar,iswelllookedafter.Thehero,ofwhomthelegwaslostinthewar,iswelllookedafter.Exercise:combinethetwosentences:1.GrannyWanglivesnexttomyhouse.Hereldestsondiedintheearthquake.2.Onthehillweremapletrees.Theirleaveshadturnedred.1.GrannyWang,whoseeldestsondiedintheearthquake,livesnexttomyhouse.GrannyWang,theeldestsonofwhomdiedintheearthquake,livesnexttomyhouse.GrannyWang,ofwhomtheeldestsondiedintheearthquake,livesnexttomyhouse.2.Onthehillweremapletrees,whoseleaveshadturnedred.Onthehillweremapletrees,theleavesofwhichhadturnedred.Onthehillweremapletrees,ofwhichtheleaveshadturnedred.II.which在非限制性定语从句中还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与andthis,andthat相似。HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.他在竞赛中获胜，这使得他的父母很开心。Choices：1.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,____personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which2.Marywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what3.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,____wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhoseDBB4.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”,______leadingactorisworldfamous?A.itsB.it’sC.whoseD.which5.WilmabecamethefirstAmericanwomantowinthreeOlympicgoldmedalsintrack,_____madehermotherveryproud.A.itB.thatC.whichD.thisCC几种特殊形式的定语从句I.as可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。作用相当于“which”。as在限制性定语从句中与which区别区别：通常和such/as/so/thesame连用，在从句中做主语或宾语(1)Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.(2)Duringtherushhours,busesherearetocarryasmanypassengersastheycan.(3)Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanmove.thesame…as与thesame…that的区别ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday。这种笔和我昨天买的笔一样（同样的但不是同一个）。ThisisthesamepenthatIusedyesterday.这就是昨天我使用的那一支钢笔（指的是同一个）。ThisisthesameschoolasIvisitedlastyear.ThisisthesameschoolthatIvisitedlastyear.as在非限制性定语从句中与which的区别：1)在从句中通常代指整个主句，其引导的定语从句即可以放在主句之前，之中也可以放在主句之后。Which只能后置.2)表示的意思是正如/正象.as引导的定语从句通常在意义上与主句保持和谐一致，且多为肯定句。Todaythelanguidmancametothemeetingontime,whichwasunexpected.太平洋是最大的洋，这一点我们都知道。ThePacificisthelargestocean,whichweallknow.正如我们所知到的,太平洋是最大的洋。ThePacificisthelargestocean,asweallknow.Asweallknow,thePacificisthelargestocean,固定结构：asweallknow,asiswellknown,asweallcansee,asyousay,asissaid/mentionedabove,asyoumayhaveheard,asyoumayremember,asisoftenthecase,asoftenhappens等在“as+is/was+过去分词”结构中的is或was可以省略，而引导which引导的该结构中，is或was不可省略。Lincolnwasshotinatheatre,as(was)describedinthisfilm.II.关系代词but的用法。通常用于否定句，相当于“that…not”“which/who…not”的含义，常在定语从句中作主语。Thereisnoonebutknowsthis.Thereisnoonewhodoesnotknowthis.没有人不知道这件事。特别注意：but虽然形式上是肯定的，意义上却是否定的。这正是but和其它关系代词的不同之处。Thereisnooldhabitbutmaybecuredbyastrongwill-power.Thereisnooldhabitthatmaynotbecuredbyastrongwill-power.通过强大的意志力没有改不了的旧习惯。III.关系代词than的用法:通常用于“比较级＋than”中，作主语或宾语．Weoftenadvisehimnottodrinkmorewinethanisgoodforhishealth.我们经常劝他为了身体健康不要喝过量的酒。than引导定语从句，要注意主句中必须有比较级字样和than前后呼应。这里than在语法功能上相当于that/which的功能，但是这里不能改成后者，因为主句中有比较级more。Theyneverusedmorewordsthanwereneeded.他从来不多说一个字。Heoftensatinasmallbardrinkingconsiderablymorewinethanwasgoodforhishealth.他经常坐在小酒馆里，喝过量的酒。这不利于他的身体健康。IV.嵌入式定语从句(1)Sheisatopstudent,whotheysayhaswonchampionshipintherace.(2)IhaveanideawhichI’msurewillinterestyou.(3)Wewillhaveanewscienceteacher,whoIknowhasjustgraduatedfromuniversity.(4)HereadapoemwhichwethoughtwaswrittenbyLiBai.Translation1.这儿没有你想要找到的这么一个好驾驶员