我国运输服务贸易逆差成因分析

**********201*届本科毕业设计（论文）我国运输服务贸易逆差形成的原因分析及对策思考CausesAnalysisandtheStrategiesoftheFormationofServiceTradeDeficitsinChina’sTransportation学院：专业班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：完成时间：二〇一*年*月论文题目：我国运输服务贸易逆差形成的原因分析及对策思考专业：国际经济与贸易学生：签名：指导教师：签名：摘要随着经济全球化进程的不断加快，运输服务贸易已经成为国际贸易中不可或缺的重要组成部分。近年来，我国对外贸易日益增长促使运输服务贸易增长迅速，但我国运输服务贸易却存在着巨额逆差。巨大的逆差严重地影响着我国运输服务业的发展，进而影响整个国民经济的稳健发展。本文从目前我国运输服务贸易的发展现状出发，总结了我国运输服务贸易逆差的具体表现，分析了造成我国运输服务贸易巨大逆差的原因，最后从理论方面提出缩小我国运输服务贸易逆差的对策建议。这对于如何减少我国运输服务贸易逆差，提高国际竞争力，实现我国运输服务业跨越式发展具有重要的现实意义和实用价值。关键词：运输服务贸易；逆差；国际竞争力Title:CausesAnalysisandtheStrategiesoftheFormationofServiceTradeDeficitsinChina’sTransportationMajor:InternationalTradeandEconomicsName:Signature:Supervisor:Signature:ABSTRACTWiththeacceleratedprocessofeconomicglobalization,transportationservicestradehavebecomeanimportantpartofinternationaltradeindispensable.Inrecentyears,therapidgrowthinChina'sforeigntradepromotesthegrowingtradeintransportationservices,butthetransportationservicestradedeficitishuge.Hugedeficitseriouslyaffectthedevelopmentofthetransportationservices,therebyaffectingthehealthydevelopmentofthenationaleconomy.FromthecurrentdevelopmentstatusofChina'stransportationservicestradestartingsummarizesthespecificperformanceoftransportationservicestradedeficit,analyzesthecausesofthehugetransportationservicestradedeficit,reduce.Finally,suggestionsfromourtransportationservicestradedeficittheory.Thisishowtoreducethetradedeficitoftransportationservices,improvingtheinternationalcompetitiveness,achievingleapfrogdevelopmentofinternationaltransportationservices,haveimportantpracticalsignificanceandpracticalvalue.Keywords：Transportationservicestrade;Tradedeficit;Internationalcompetitiveness目录前言··········································································································11我国运输服务贸易的发展现状·····································································11.1近年我国运输服务贸易进出口情况························································11.2我国运输服务贸易的结构分析·····························································21.3我国运输服务贸易主要进出口的国家和地区···········································32我国运输服务贸易逆差的具体表现·······························································32.1运输服务贸易增长迅速不能改变长期逆差的状况·····································32.2海运服务贸易逆差是运输服务贸易逆差的主要来源··································42.3我国运输服务贸易国际市场占有率低····················································52.4我国运输服务企业承运比例低·····························································53造成我国运输服务贸易逆差的主要原因·························································63.1我国运输服务贸易的开放程度偏高·······················································63.2运输服务贸易的法律体系和市场体系不完善···········································63.3我国运输服务贸易运力结构不合理和供给不足········································73.4其他因素造成我国运输企业承运比例过低··············································73.4.1外贸企业主观因素·····································································73.4.2政策因素·················································································83.4.3我国对GATS规则的理解和运用程度不够·······································84缩小我国运输服务贸易逆差的对策·······························································84.1适度调整运输服务业的开放政策··························································84.2健全相关法律体系并完善市场体系·······················································94.3优化运输服务贸易结构并提高运输服务能力···········································94.3.1优化运输结构···········································································94.3.2提高服务质量···········································································94.4实行全面推进海运强国战略并兼顾其他运输方式发展·······························94.5加强国际合作来增强运输服务贸易的国际竞争力····································10结语·········································································································10参考文献··································································································11致谢·········································································································12**********本科毕业设计（论文）1前言运输服务业的发展与国际贸易发展存在着密不可分的关系。随着国际贸易的纵深发展以及世界经济结构的不断调整，运输服务贸易在国际贸易中的比重也日益增大。运输服务贸易作为国际服务贸易中重要的组成部分，在国际贸易中扮演着重要的纽带和桥梁的作用。近年来，我国货物贸易发展迅速，进出口总额逐年增加，相应的我国运输服务贸易也随之增长迅速。然而，我国运输服务贸易长久以来却存在着巨额贸易逆差。这不仅昭示着我国运输服务贸易进出口比例严重失衡，也显示出我国运输服务贸易缺乏国际竞争力。这也在一定程度上影响我国服务贸易的发展，进而严重影响着我国整个国民经济的发展。因此，需要我们了解我国运输服务贸易存在的问题，对造成我国运输服务贸易逆差的原因进行研究分析，并就如何缩小我国运输服务贸易逆差和提高国际竞争力提出切实可行的对策建议。1我国运输服务贸易的发展现状1.1近年我国运输服务贸易进出口情况近年来，随着经济全球化和世界经济一体化趋势的发展，国与国之间的贸易往来更加密切，世界运输服务行业也呈现出快速发展的趋势。我国作为全球第二大经济体，运输服务贸易自然也是我国对外贸易的重要组成部分。运输服务贸易的发展在一定程度上反映出我国对外贸易的发展状况。从表1.1可以看出我国运输服务贸易良好的增长势头，进出口总额从2003年的261.39亿美元增长到2012年的1247.75亿美元，十年间增长了4.8倍，年平均增长速度为17%，其中运输服务贸易出口由2003年的79.06亿美元，增长到2012年的389.13亿美元,增长了近5倍,年均增长速度16%。而运输服务贸易进口额从182.33亿美元增长到858.62亿美元，年均增长17%。自从我国加入WTO以后,在贸易自由化的大力推动下，货物贸易进出口总量大增，促使巨大运输服务贸易需求的形成，造成我国运输服务贸易一直处于逆差状况。表1.12003-2012年我国运输服务贸易进出口额单位：亿美元年份进出口总额出口额进口额逆差额2003261.3979.06182.33103.272004366.11120.67245.44124.772005438.75154.27284.48130.21**：我国运输服务贸易逆差形成的原因分析及对策思考2表1.1（续）2003-2012年我国运输服务贸易进出口额单位：亿美元年份进出口总额出口额进口额逆差额2006553.84210.15343.69133.542007745.95313.21432.71119.502008887.47384.1