儿科学课程期末试卷B卷(试卷及答案详解)

1复旦大学上海医学院儿科学系期末考试试卷□A卷■B卷课程名称：_儿科学__________课程代码：_MED130029___________开课院系：_儿科学___________________考试形式：开卷/闭卷/课程论文/姓名：学号：专业：题号12345678总分得分一、选择题（每题1分，共40分）A型题1.Whichismaindifferencebetweendehydrationofseveredegreeandmoderatedegree?A.poorskinresiliencyB.orbitpittingC.oliguriaoranuriaD.metabolicacidosisE.peripheralcirculatoryfailure2.Duringfetallife,theearliestsynthesizedimmunoglobinis：A.IgMB.IgDC.IgGD.IgAE.IgE3.Verylowbirthweightinfantisthenewbornwhosebirthweightislessthan：A.2500gB.2000gC.1500gD.1000gE.800g4.TheratioofCalciumandPhosphorusinbreastmilkis：A.1:2B.1.5:1C.2:1D.1.2:1E.1.5:25.Therangeofserumnatriumconcentrationinisonatremicdehydrationshouldbe：A.120~140mmol/LD.130~160mmol/L2B.140~160mmol/LE.140~150mmol/LC.130~150mmol/L6.Whatisthemostimportantclinicalfeatureofnephriticsyndrome?A.ProteinuriaB.EdemaC.HypertensionD.HypoalbuminemiaE.Hypercholesteolemia7.ThemajormanifestationofTuberculousmeningitisinchildrenis：A．AtenseanteriorfontanealB．ConvulsionC．StuporD．CranialnervepalsiesE．Moodchanges8.Apre-termbabyofonemonthandtwodaysold,gestationalage35weeks,borninwinter,breastfeeding,weightisincreasingfrom2.0kgto3.0kg.Nowwhichsupplementaryfoodisaddedtoatfirstandwhy?A．rice-water,forsupplementationofenergyB．vegetablesoup,forsupplementationofmineralsubstancesC．rice-paste,forsupplementationofenergyD．codliveroil,forsupplementationofVitAE．codliveroil,forsupplementationofVitD9.Whattmeisbetterforweaninginbreastfeedingbaby?A.4-5monthsofageB.6-9monthsofageC.10-12monthsofageD.13-15monthsofageE.18monthsofage10.ThemostcommonlypathogenofsepsisinchildrenisA.PneumococcusB.EscherichiaColiC.StreptococcusD.PseudomonasAerugenosaE.StaphylococcusAureus.11.Ifthemother’sRhbloodtypeisCcDdeeandthefetusisCcDdEe,thenRhincompatibilityshouldbe：A.CantigenB.cantigenC.DantigenD.EantigenE.eantigen312.DTP(Diphtheria,tetanus,pertussisvaccine),Primaryimmunizationshouldbetaken：A．JustonetimeB．Onceamonth,twotimesC．Onceamonth,threetimesD．Onceaweek,twotimesE．Onceaweek,threetimes13.Ahealthyboy,oneyearandsixmonthsold,howmuchenergyandwatershouldherequireeveryday?energy(kj)/kgwater(ml)/kgA.418(100kcal)100B.460(110kcal)100C.418(100kcal)110D.418(100kcal)125E.925(150kcal)15014.Aninfant,weight7kg,length65cm,headcircumference42cm,theinfantshouldbe：A．5monthsoldD.8monthsoldB．6monthsoldE.9monthsoldC．7monthsold15.Physiologicweightlowerofanormalnewbornwillberecoveredin：A.1~3daysB.3~5daysC.5~7daysD.7~10daysE.10~14day16.Themajormanifestionsofacuteglomerulonephritisare：A.hypertension,hematuria,proteinuriaB.proteinuria,hypertensionC.edema,hypertension,hematuriaD.oliguria,edema,hypertension,hematuriaE.oliguria,edema,hematuria,hypercholesteolemia17.PPDtestisareliablediagnostictestfortuberculosis,aninfectedpatientrespoundspositivelyofinfection：A.immediatelyB.within1-2weekC.within2-4weekD.within4-10weekE.after10week418.Whichoneisthecyanotictypeofcongenitalheartdisease：A.ventricularseptaldefectB.atrialseptaldefectC.tetralogyofFallotD.PatentductusarteriosusE.pulmonarystenosis19.WhichoneisthemostcommontypeofTBinchildren：A.PrimarypulmonarytuberculosisB.MiliarytuberculosisC.TuberculosismeningitisD.TubeculosisofabdomenE.Tuberculouspleurisy20.Ifastaphylococcalpneumoniapatientsuddenlybreathdifficultly,weshouldconsiderthatisbecause：A.highfeverB.acidosisC.pneumoniadevelopedD.pyopnemothoraxE.heartfailure21.婴儿体重4kg,前囟1.5cm×1.5cm,后囟0.2cm,能微笑,从俯卧位扶起时能仰头。其最可能的月龄为：A.2个月B.3个月C.4个月D.5个月E.6个月22.女婴,11个月,其营养需要与成人最主要的不同之处是：A.基础代谢所需的营养素和能量B.生长发育所需的营养素和热量C.食物特殊动力作用所需的热量D.活动所需的营养素与热量E.排泄物中热量的损失23.女孩,1岁半。咳嗽4d,发热2d,气急1d,门诊诊断支气管肺炎。确诊最主要的体征是：A.呼吸急促B.口唇、甲床青紫C.两肺叩诊浊音,呼吸音减低D.肺部细小湿(口罗)音E.鼻翼扇动,张口呼吸24.男孩,4岁,因轻度浮肿、尿量减少,诊断为急性链球菌感染后肾炎。下列哪项最相符?A.大量尿蛋白B.低白蛋白血症C.明显浮肿D.高胆固醇血症E.血清尿素氮、肌酐在25.18个月男孩,于确诊川崎病后出院,2周后猝死于家中,死前并无明显诱因。其死因可能为：5A.脑出血B.脑栓塞C.心肌炎D.心包炎E.冠状动脉瘤破裂26.患儿1岁半,不会独立行走,不会叫爸爸、妈妈。两眼距离增宽,两眼外眦上斜,鼻梁低,舌伸出口外,通贯手。其可性最大的诊断是：A.呆小病B.先天性愚型C.苯丙酮尿症D.软骨营养不良E.佝偻病活动期27.下列哪项对诊断川崎病最具特征意义?A.发热呈稽留热或驰张热B.红眼、唇干裂、草莓舌C.手、足皮肤广泛性硬性水肿,伴掌心、D.全身泛发麻疹样、荨麻疹样或猩红热E.热退时,指、趾端和甲床交界处呈膜样或片状脱皮足底红斑样皮疹28.由单纯疱疹病毒引起的病毒性脑炎，其病变往往集中在：A.中央沟两侧B.顶、枕叶C.额、顶叶D.小脑E.颞叶29.男孩,10岁。智力发育正常,平时兴奋多动,思想不集中,冲动、任性,学习成绩时好时坏,诊断为儿童多动综合征。其临床表现中哪点是最主要的?A.自我控制力不足B.活动过多C.注意力不集中D.冲动、任性E.学习困难30.小儿3岁,心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间闻及Ⅲ～Ⅳ级全收缩期杂音,心尖区有较短舒张期隆隆样杂音,肺动瓣区第2音亢进。X线示左、右心室大。诊断可能是：A.小型室间隔缺损B.大型室间隔缺损C.风湿性心脏病D.房间隔缺损6E.动脉导管未闭31.患儿6岁,易有呼吸道感染,劳累后气促。体检:胸骨左上方闻及连续性杂音,血压12.8/5.3kPa(96/40mmHg),闻及股动脉枪击声。诊断应考虑为：A.室间隔缺损B.房间隔缺损C.动脉导管未闭D.肺动脉狭窄E.法洛四联症32.女孩,3岁。患先天性心脏病,无紫绀。X线检查示左心室增大,主动脉影增宽,肺野充血。下述哪一种诊断可能性大?A.室间隔缺损B.动脉导管未闭C.房间隔缺损D.法洛四联症E.艾森曼格综合征33.一新生儿,胎龄290d,出生体重3.6kg,查其体重位于同胎龄体重标准的第80百分位。下列诊断哪个正确而全面?A.过期产儿,巨大儿B.过期产儿,大于胎龄儿C.足月儿,适于胎龄儿D.足月儿,大于胎龄儿E.足月儿,巨大儿34.4个月健康婴儿,生活在某地。因无母乳,当地只有羊奶。而喂羊奶的缺点是A.蛋白质含量稍多,但以白蛋白为高B.脂肪含量多,但其脂肪球少C.叶酸与维生素B12含量少D.矿物质含量过高E.每100ml羊奶中的热量过低35.男婴,胎龄37＋1周,出生体重2.25kg,故系足月小于胎龄儿。下列各种病理情况中,哪种很少发生?A.红细胞增多症B.低血糖C.低血钙D.肺透明膜病E.高胆红素血症736.一新生儿,足月顺产,Apgar评分10分。体格检查时,下列哪项反射阴性是正常的?A.拥抱反射B.颈肢反射C.腹壁反射D.觅食反射E.交叉伸腿反射37.一患儿因慢性贫血,经多方检查确诊为营养性巨幼细胞贫血。下列哪项是其最有诊断意义的临床表现?A.舌尖及反甲B.皮肤瘀点伴黄疸C.肝、脾及淋巴结肿大D.皮肤苍黄,毛发枯黄E.反应迟钝,智力倒退,发育落后38.男孩,10岁。患原发性肺结核。在其自然演变过程中,最为常见的是：A.自然吸收或钙化B.发展为肺门淋巴结结核C.病灶溶解、坏死形成空洞D.血行播散E.发展为胸膜炎39.为了提高机体对结核病的抵抗力,在广大儿