高中英语定语从句复习归纳

定语从句知识结构☆基本概念☆定语：用于修饰、限制名词、代词或先当于名词的短语或句子的成分。在中文中,定语一般放在所修饰的名词或代词之前；而在英文中则不同：单纯的形容词、分词作定语时，放在所修饰词之前；副词、分词短语和从句作定语时，要放在所修饰词之后。例如：那个子高大聪明清秀的男孩是李小明的弟弟。ThattallbrightsmartboyisLiMing'sbrother.孩子们读喜欢读有图片的书Childrenallliketoreadthebookswhichhavepicture.你能回答下面的问题吗？Canyouanswerthesequestionsbellow?一个看到样姿同势的人认为它的意思是钱。Apersonseeingthesamegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.以为来访的朋友一脸上被吻一下作为问好。Avisitingfriendisgreetedwithakissonthecheek.定语从句是用于修饰名词或代词的从句☆定语从句A限制性定语从句B非限制性定语从句定语从句=｛先行词+关系词+从句｝☆关系词：A关系代词who,whom,whose,that,whichB关系副词when,where,why=（介词+关系代词）☆限制性定语从句是修饰、限制先行词的从句。☆非限制性定语从句是对先行词、句子的部分或整个句子起修饰、限制或补充说明的，从句和主句用逗号的开。☆在限制性定语从句作宾语的关系代词可以省略，但非限制新定语从句则不能省。例如：Allthebooksthathavepictureshavebeensenttothem.Allthebooks,whichhavepictures,havebeensenttothem.Hehasabrotherwhoisadoctor.Hehasabrother,whoisadoctor.Theman(whom)youmetyesterdayisMr.SmithChildrenliketoreadbookswhichhavewonderfulpictures关系代词的用法★Who指人，在定语从句中作主语。Theboywhoisstandingthereismycousin.★whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语（可省）。Theman(whom)youmetyesterdayisMr.SmithTheboy(whom)you’relookingforishiddenbehindthetree.★Whose(=ofwhom+the+nthe+nwhom;ofwhich+n,the+n+ofwhich)指人或指物，作定语。Doyouknowtheboywhosefather(thefatherofwhom/ofwhomthefather)isanengineer.Helivesinahousewhosewindows(thewindowofwhich/ofwhichthewindow)facessouth.★that指人或指物，作主语、宾语（可省）Idon’tknowabouttheman(that)youmentioned.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.★which指物，作主语、宾语（可省）Thepen(which)myunclegavemeismissing.Childrenliketoreadbookswhichhavewonderfulpictures关系副词的用法☆when(=in/on/at+which)修饰表示时间的名词，在定从句中作状语。I’llneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)IjoinedtheParty.☆where(=in/on/at+which)修饰表示地点的名词，在定从句中作状语。Thefactorywhere(inwhich)myfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.☆why(=for+which)修饰表示原因(reason)的名词，在定从句中作状语。Noneofusknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)Tomwasabsentfromthemeeting.先行词指人时，关系代词用who，而不用that：☆先行词是one,ones,anyone时,宜用who。Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.☆先行词是those时,宜用who。Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsignuphere.☆当先行词有较长的后置定语且定语为物时，宜用who。ImetaforeignstudentfromBeijingUniversitywhocouldaskmequestioninChinese.☆当一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个从句的关系代词用that，另一个宜用who。Theboythatyoumetatschoolgateyesterdaymorningisourmonitorwhostudiesveryhard.☆在therebe开头的句子中。Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsttheplan.当先行词是物时，在下列情况中，关系代词只用that，而不用which。（1）☆当先行词是不定代词all,little,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone时。Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.☆当先行词前面用only,any,few,little,no,all,very等修饰时。ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.Theonlythingthatyoucandoistogiveyousomemoney.☆当先行词是形容词最高级或它前面有形容词最高级时。Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen?☆当先行词是序数词时或前面有一个序数词时。ThetrainisthelastthatwillgototheSuzhou.WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?当先行词是物时，在下列情况中，关系代词只用that，而不用which。（2）☆当先行词既有人又有物时。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?☆当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?☆又两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that。Theybuiltupasmallfactorywhichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.☆先行词在句子中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.关系代词which与as引导非限制定语从句的区别:☆关系代词which和as都可以引导定语从句用于指代前面整句的内容。☆as引导定语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。意思是“正如……”后面的动词多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report,announce等。Asisknowntoall,Edisoninvitedthetelephone.=Edisoninvitedthetelephone,asisknowntoall☆which引导定语从句,只能放在句尾，意思是“这一点……”。Heturnedouttobeverysuccessful,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.