夹竹桃科

被子植物————夹竹桃科12园林2班XXXXXXXXXXX夹竹桃科（Apocynaceae）夹竹桃科为热带植物区系的主要科。一般为木质攀援植物，有发达的缠绕茎，在热带雨林或季雨林中攀缠树上，如花皮胶藤属（EcdysantheraHook.etArn）、鹿角藤属（ChonemorphaG.Don）杜仲藤属（ParabariumPierre）等，很少直立或稀为多年生草本或乔木。大多数植物具有发达的无隔乳管，能流出丰富的白色乳汁，如花皮胶藤属，鹿角藤属，杜仲藤属，鸡蛋花属（PlumeriaLinn.），海杧果属（CerberaLinn.）等，或水液，如夹竹桃属（NeriumLinn.，长春花属（CatharanthusG.Don）等。在潮湿的热带林中，有些植物还长有气根，如络石属，小花藤属（MicrechisesMiq.）等。除狗牙花亚科具有假托叶外，均无托叶。其托叶已演变成为在叶腋内或叶腋间的钻状或线状腺体，此特征是从外部区别夹竹桃科与萝摩科植物的最简易的方法。ThemainApocynaceaefamiliesweretropicalflora.Usuallywoodyclimbingplants,hasdevelopedthetwiningstems,inthetropicalrainforestsorseasonalrainforesttreeinthewind,suchasskinglueofcane(EcdysantheraHook.etArn.),theantlersofcane(ChonemorphaG.Don),ofEucommiaulmoidescanegenus(ParabariumPierre),rarelyerectorrarelymoreannualherbortree.Noseptallaticifermostplantshavedeveloped,canshedabundantwhitelatex,suchasskinglueofcane,KazunoToL.,DuZhongtengbelongstothegenus(PlumeriaLinn.),egg,Cerbera(CerberaLinn.),orwaterliquid,suchasAlstonia(NeriumLinn.),Changchunflowergenus(CatharanthusG.Don)etc..Inthehumidtropicalforest,someplantsalsohavearoot,suchasTrachelospermum,floretofcane(MicrechisesMiq.)etc..InadditiontothesubfamilyhasonthepretextofErvatamiadivaricataleaf,nostipules.Thestipuleshasbecomeinleafaxilsoraxilofsubulateorlinearglands,thisfeatureisthemostsimplemethodofexternaldifferencesfromtheApocynaceaeandAsclepiadaceaeplants1、络石属TrachelospermumLem.常绿木质藤本，长可达10米，具气根。茎圆柱形，全株有白色乳汁。老枝红褐色，有皮孔，幼枝有黄色柔毛。叶革质或近革质，椭圆形或类椭圆形，长2至8.5厘米，宽1至4厘米，先端急尖、渐尖或钝，有微凹或小凸尖，基部楔形或圆形。叶对生，叶片正面无毛，背面具毛，具6至12对羽状脉，全缘。聚伞形花序圆锥状，顶生或腋生。花期4至6月，花白色，芳香，呈高脚碟状，花冠筒中部膨大，5裂，雄蕊5，着生于花冠筒中部。花萼裂片反卷。果期8至10月。果双生，叉开，果长5至18厘米。种子褐色，细长，并具长毛。该种除新疆、青海、西藏和东北地区外，全国均有分布。EvergreenwoodyFujimoto,upto10metreslong,withaerialroots.Stemcylindrical,milkwhitewholeplant.Oldbranchesredbrown,withlenticels,youngbranchletsyellowpilose.Leavesleatheryorsubleathery,ovaloroval,2to8.5cmlong,1to4cmwide,apexacute,acuminateorobtuse,withaslightlyconcaveorsmallconvexpointed,basecuneateorrounded.Leavesopposite,leafbladeadaxiallyglabrous,abaxiallypilose,with6to12pairsofveinspinnate,marginentire.Umbrellaforminflorescencepaniculate,terminaloraxillary.Florescence4toinJune,whiteflowers,aromatic,asalverformcorollatube,theswollen,5crack,5stamensadnatetocorollatube,central.Calyxlobesreflexed.Fruitperiodfrom8toOctober.GuoShuangsheng,divaricate,5to18cminfruitlength.Seedsbrown,slender,andwithlonghairs.ThisinadditiontoXinjiang,Qinghai,TibetandNortheastChina,thenationalareas.络石Trachelospermumjasminoides常绿木质藤本，长达10m，具乳汁。茎褐色，多分枝，嫩枝被柔毛。叶对生，具短柄，幼时被灰褐色柔毛，后脱落；叶片卵状披针形或椭圆形，花白色，高脚碟状，萼小，5深裂Evergreenwoodyvines,upto10m,withlatex.Stemsbrown,muchbranched,pubescenttwigs.Leavesopposite,shortlystipitate,childhoodisgreybrownpilose,glabrescent;leafbladeovateorelliptic,lanceolate.Flowerswhite,salverform,calyxsmall,5-parted2、黄蝉属AllamandaL.黄蝉属植物为直立或藤状灌木，叶对生或轮生；花大而美艳，数朵花排成总状花序，萼片全缘或不明显5裂，花冠钟状或漏斗状，喉部有毛，花管长3.5-4cm。花丝短，花柱丝状，花药与花柱分离，柱头基部膨大成环状，如不仔细剖析，从花朵外观是看不到雄蕊和雌蕊，雌雄蕊隐蔽于花管内，喉部被鳞片状的毛所遮盖，这是夹竹桃科植物花的一重要特征。Yellowcicadageneraoferectorlianoidshrubs,leavesoppositeorverticillate;theflowerisbigandbeautiful,severalflowersarrangedinracemes,sepalsentireorinconspicuously5-lobed,corollacampanulateorfunnelform,throathairyflowerlength,3.5-4cm.Filamentsshort,stylefiliform,styleandstigmaantherseparation,basedilatedintoaring,ifnotcarefulanalysis,cannotseethestamensandpistilpistilfromflowerappearance,hiddenintheflowertube,throatcoveredthescalelikehairs,thisisApocynaceaeplantflowersimportantfeatures.黄蝉，（学名：AllemandaneriifoliaHook.）常绿灌木，该属植物有15种，分布于热带美洲，中国所有种或栽培种都为引入栽培。栽培植物，花大，黄色，花期5--6月。用于庭园绿化，植株有毒，尤其乳液Shrubsevergreen,thegenushas15species,distributedintropicalAmerica,Chineseallorcultivarsareintroduced.Cultivatedplants,flowers,yellow,florescence5--6month.Usedforgardengreening,plantistoxic,especiallyemulsion软枝黄蝉，（学名：AllemandacatharticaL.）因花蕾的形状及颜色貌似即将羽化的蝉蛹，且枝条柔软，故而得名软枝黄蝉。原生于巴西等地，后广植于热带地区，为观赏植物。分布于热带、美洲，中国引入栽培。Becauseoftheshapeandcolorofflowerbudsseemsimminentemergenceofcicadapupa,andthebranchesofsoft,hencethenameAllamandacathartica.NativetoBrazil,widelycultivatedinthetropicsafter,asornamentalplants.Distributedintropical,America,Chinaintroduced.红花夹竹桃NeriumindicumMill白花夹竹桃Neriumindicumcv.Paihua花夹竹桃（拉丁名NeriumindicumMill.cv.Paihua），为夹竹桃科（Apocynaceae）、夹竹桃属（Nerium）的常绿灌木，聚伞花序顶生，花萼直立，花白色、单瓣[3]，有香气。Floweroleander(LatinnameNeriumindicumMill.cv.Paihua[2]),astheApocynaceae(Apocynaceae),dogbane(Nerium)evergreenshrub,cymesterminal,calyxerect,flowerswhite,single[3],aroma.夹竹桃运用价值夹竹桃的叶片如柳似竹，红花灼灼，胜似桃花，花冠粉红至深红或白色，有特殊香气，花期为6～10月，是有名的观赏花卉。夹竹桃的花有香气。花集中长在枝条的顶端，它们聚集在一起好似一把张开的伞。夹竹桃花的形状像漏斗，花瓣相互重叠，有红色、黄色和白色三种，其中，红色是它自然的色彩，“白色”、“黄色”是人工长期培育造就的新品种。环保价值：夹竹桃有抗烟雾、抗灰尘、抗毒物和净化空气、保护环境的能力。夹竹桃的叶片，对人体有毒、对二氧化硫、二氧化碳、氟化氢、氯气等有害气体有较强的抵抗作用AsLiuSizhu,safflowershining,surpassesthepeachleafofoleander,corollapinktodeepredorwhite,hasaspecialaroma,florescenceisfrom6toOctober,isawell-knownornamentalflowers.Oleanderflowersaroma.Flowersclusteredinthetopoflongbranches,theygatheredtogetherlikeanopenumbrella.Oleanderflowershapedlikeafunnel,petalsoverlap,therearered,yellowandwhitethreekinds,amongthem,theredisi