杭州餐厨垃圾管理问题现状分析和对策研究

杭州餐厨垃圾管理问题现状分析和对策研究摘要：餐厨垃圾是指家庭、饮食服务、单位供餐等活动中产生的食物残渣和废料。一般在食品加工过程中产生的食物残余称为“厨余”或“餐前垃圾”，主要成份为菜叶和果皮等；而饭后的食物残余称为“泔脚”，也称为餐后垃圾。随着经济的发展、城市规模的迅速扩大和城市人口的快速增加，城市餐厨垃圾的产生量越来越大，例如，在上海，餐厨垃圾占上海城市生活垃圾组成份额的一半以上。杭州作为全国环保模范城市和著名的国际风景旅游城市餐饮业发达,但每天产生的大量餐厨垃圾却困扰着这个城市。杭州市餐厨垃圾管理还存在着管理无序、任意处置等问题，严重影响着市容市貌和居民的身体健康及环境质量，这种现状的存在与杭州经济的持续发展极不相符。本文通过对杭州市餐厨垃圾现状及存在问题的全面剖析，就加强这项工作的管理提出了建议和对策，对实现餐厨垃圾规范化管理和发展循环经济有着积极的意义。关键词：餐厨垃圾；管理；市场；监管AbstractFoodwasteisgeneratedfamily,foodservice,unitformealsandotheractivitiesinthefoodresidueandwaste.Generallyproducedinfoodprocessingfoodresidualcalledkitchenorbeforethemealgarbage,themainingredientsofleavesandpericarp;andafterthefoodresidualcalledhogwash,alsoknownaspostprandialgarbage.Withtherapidincreaseoftherapidexpansionofeconomicdevelopment,cityscaleandcitypopulation,Citykitchengarbageproducedmoreandmorebig,forexample,inShanghaicitylifegarbage,foodwasteaccountedformorethanhalfoftheshareofShanghai.Hangzhouasanationalenvironmentalprotectionmodelcityandthefamousinternationaltouristcitycateringindustrydeveloped,butalargenumberofkitchengarbagegeneratedeverydayisplaguingthecity.Hangzhoufoodwastemanagementstillexistmanagementdisorder,anydisposalproblems,seriouslyaffectthehealthofresidentsandthecityappearanceandenvironmentalquality,sustainabledevelopmentofthissituationhasandHangzhoueconomydoesnotmatch.ThispaperandtheexistenceofkitchenwasteinHangzhoucitycomprehensiveanalysis,andputsforwardsomesuggestionsandCountermeasurestostrengthentheworkofmanagement,isofgreatsignificancetotherealizationofkitchengarbagestandardizationmanagementandthedevelopmentofcirculareconomy.Keywords：Kitchenwaste；management；market；supervision目录一、杭州市餐厨垃圾处理现状..................................................................................................1（一）餐厨垃圾概念...................................................................................................................................1（二）餐厨垃圾处理的重要性...................................................................................................................1（三）杭州市餐厨垃圾产生量...................................................................................................................2（四）杭州餐厨垃圾增长趋势...................................................................................................................3（五）杭州市餐厨垃圾处理方式...............................................................................................................3二、杭州市餐厨垃圾管理现状..................................................................................................4（一）管理目的...........................................................................................................................................4（二）管理依据...........................................................................................................................................4（三）管理原则...........................................................................................................................................4（四）管理部门...........................................................................................................................................4（五）管理方法...........................................................................................................................................4三、杭州市餐厨垃圾管理存在的问题......................................................................................5（一）餐厨垃圾分类收集与回收存在问题...............................................................................................6（二）餐厨垃圾收运处置环节存在问题...................................................................................................6（三）参与餐厨垃圾管理意识存在问题...................................................................................................7四、国外餐厨垃圾处理经验......................................................................................................7（一）美国...................................................................................................................................................8（二）日本...................................................................................................................................................8（三）英国...................................................................................................................................................8（四）韩国...................................................................................................................................................9（五）瑞士...................................................................................................................................................9（六）其他国家.........................................................................................................................................10五、杭州市餐厨垃圾管理对策................................................................................................10（一）做好宣传，提升公众参与意识.....................................................................................................10（二）尽快重新立法是有效推进我市餐厨垃圾集中收运、处置的有力保障...........