Lithium-Ion-Battery

1AdvancedBatteries（先进电池）LithiumIonBattery（锂离子电池）2LithiumIonBattery（锂离子电池）Introduction（简介）•Theoreticalandpracticalspecificenergy（理论与实际具体能量）•Chargeanddischarge（充电与放电）–Charge（充电）•Competingreactions（兢争反应）•Overcharge（过量充电）•Chargestrategies（充电的方法）–Discharge（放电）•Effectsofelectrolyteconcentrationandtemperature（电解质濃度与温度效应）•Effectsofselfdischargeandoverdischarge（自动放电与过量放电效应）•Failuremodeandadvantages/disadvantages（失败型式与忧劣点）•Manufacturerecycleandnewdevelopment（生产回收与新发展）3Introduction（简介）•InventedbyDr.GoodenoughatU.Texasin1982andbecamecommerciallyavailablein1991(Sony)•Bothlithiumcobaltoxideandcarbonelectrodesareintercalationelectrodes•HavesafetyissuesforapplicationsinHEVandplug-inHEV•Itis5billiondollarsindustryforapplicationsinportableelectronics(totalbatteryindustry~30billiondollars)4Introduction（简介）•Positiveelectrodes–Layeredlithiummetaloxide(LiMO2,M=cobalt,nickel,manganese,aluminum,orcombinationoftwotothreemetals),spinel（尖晶石）lithiummanganeseoxide(LiMn2O4),andlithiumironphosphate(LiFePO4)onaluminumcurrentcollector•Negativeelectrodes–Carbonorgraphiteoncoppercurrentcollector•Separators–Celgardmicroporous,polyethylene,orceramicseparators•Electrolyte–LiPF6dissolvedinethylenecarbonate(EC)•Solventwithhighdielectricconstant(89.6at40°C)•Lithiumsaltwithhighconductivity•0.005S/cmascomparedto0.5S/cmforaqueouselectrolyte5CarbonNegativeElectrode（炭负电极）•Preventlithiummetaldeposition(orformationoflithiumdendrite)–LithiummetaldepositioncouldstillhappenduringrapidchargewhenTemp5°C–DendritecouldcauseshortcircuitandthermalrunawayNegativeelectrodePositiveelectrodeElectrolyteDendriteLimetal6Introduction（简介）Lithiumionbattery186503.6V,2Ah7.2WhAlkalineAAbattery1.5V,1.5Ah2.25Wh18mm65mm7LithiumIonBattery（锂离子电池）•Introduction（简介）Theoreticalandpracticalspecificenergy（理论与实际具体能量）•Chargeanddischarge（充电与放电）–Charge（充电）•Competingreactions（兢争反应）•Overcharge（过量充电）•Chargestrategies（充电的方法）–Discharge（放电）•Effectsofelectrolyteconcentrationandtemperature（电解质濃度与温度效应）•Effectsofselfdischargeandoverdischarge（自动放电与过量放电效应）•Failuremodeandadvantages/disadvantages（失败型式与忧劣点）•Manufacturerecycleandnewdevelopment（生产回收与新发展）8TheoreticalSpecificEnergy（理论具体能量）•LithiumionbatteryhalfcellreactionsCoO2+Li++e↔LiCoO2Eº=1VLi++C6+e↔LiC6Eº~-3V•OverallreactionduringdischargeCoO2+LiC6LiCoO2+C6Eoc=E+-E-=1-(-3.01)=4VDendriteLimetal9TheoreticalSpecificEnergy（理论具体能量）•Freeenergychange(∆G)duringdischarge∆G=-nFE=-1*96500*4=-386000J=-386kJ=-107.2Wh/mole•TotalweightofreactantsCoO2+LiC6LiCoO2+C6CoO291gramsLiC679gramsTotalweight170grams(0.17kg)/mole•Theoreticalspecificenergy107.2Wh/0.17kg=630.6Wh/kg•Theoreticalenergydensity107.2Wh/0.055L=1949Wh/L10PracticalSpecificEnergy（实际具体能量）•Practicalspecificenergyupto30%theoreticalspecificenergy(630.6Wh/kg)dueto:–Voltagelosses(upto10%)–Lessinactiveweight(~35%)•Currentcollectors•Tabsandterminals•Electrolyte•Carboninnegativeelectrode–Utilizationofactivematerial(~50%)•Intercalationelectrodes11LithiumIonBattery（锂离子电池）•Introduction（简介）•Theoreticalandpracticalspecificenergy（理论与实际具体能量）Chargeanddischarge（充电与放电）Charge（充电）Competingreactions（兢争反应）•Overcharge（过量充电）•Chargestrategies（充电的方法）–Discharge（放电）•Effectsofelectrolyteconcentrationandtemperature（电解质濃度与温度效应）•Effectsofselfdischargeandoverdischarge（自动放电与过量放电效应）•Failuremodeandadvantages/disadvantages（失败型式与忧劣点）•Manufacturerecycleandnewdevelopment（生产回收与新发展）12ChargeandDischarge（充电与放电)•Lithiumbatteriescannotuseaqueouselectrolyte-3.2-2.7-2.2-1.7-1.2-0.7-0.20.30.81.31.8Voltage(V)CurrentWaterdecompositionvoltage1.23VH2evolutionO2evolutionLithiumionbattery~4VLithiumbatterieswithaqueouselectrolyte13ChargeandDischarge（充电与放电)•Overallreactionduringcharge（充电）LiCoO2+C6CoO2+LiC6(theoretical)LiCoO2+C6Li1-xCoO2+LixC6(actual)ChargeLiCoO2Carbon14ChargeandDischarge（充电与放电)•Overallreactionduringdischarge（放电）CoO2+LiC6LiCoO2+C6(theoretical)Li1-xCoO2+LixC6LiCoO2+C6(actual)DischargeCarbonLiCoO215CompetingReactions（兢争反应）•Lithiumbatteriesusenon-aqueouselectrolytes–Neitherhydrogennoroxygenevolutionoccursduringnormalchargeordischarge0.50.70.91.11.3051015202530TimeVoltagechargeoverchargedischargeEoc无氢或氧气泡冒出16LithiumIonBattery（锂离子电池）•Introduction（简介）•Theoreticalandpracticalspecificenergy（理论与实际具体能量）•Chargeanddischarge（充电与放电）–Charge（充电）•Competingreactions（兢争反应）Overcharge（过量充电）Chargestrategies（充电的方法）–Discharge（放电）•Effectsofelectrolyteconcentrationandtemperature（电解质濃度与温度效应）•Effectsofselfdischargeandoverdischarge（自动放电与过量放电效应）•Failuremodeandadvantages/disadvantages（失败型式与忧劣点）•Manufacturerecycleandnewdevelopment（生产回收与新发展）17Overcharge（过量充电）•Overcharge–Negativeelectrode•Thecapacityofcarbonelectrodeisnormallylargerthanthatofpositiveelectrodetopreventlithiummetaldeposition–Positiveelectrode•LiMO2electrodeisoxidizedandoxygenreleased(exothermicreaction)•Thermalrunaway（热失控）–MoreseverethanheatgenerationassociatedwithoverchargeofleadacidornickelmetalhydridebatteriesDendrite18Overcharge（过量充电）•Positiveelectrodeisoxidizedandoxygenreleased(exothermicreaction)Over-chargeOxidationofCoO2LiCoO2+C6CoO2+LiC6(theoretical)LiCoO2+C6Li1-xCoO2+LixC6(actual)19ChargeStra