语言学习题1

1ChapteroneMultipleChoice1.____________,Fatherofmodernlinguistics,isknownforhisCourseinGeneralLinguistics.A.SassureB.ChomskyC.LeechD.Firth2.ThetraditionalgrammarruleslikeYoushouldneveruseadouble-negativearetechnicallyknownas______________.A.descriptiveB.prescriptiveC.connotativeD.denotative3.Thefactthathumanbeingsuselanguagestosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresent(intimeandspace)atthemomentofcommunicationisreferredto______________oflanguage.A.displacementB.metalanguageC.dualityD.arbitrariness4.WhichofthefollowingpairswasproposedbyChomsky?A.langueandparoleB.eticandemicC.synchronicanddiachronicD.competenceandperformance5.MacrolinguisticsincludesallthebranchesEXCEPT_____________.A.sociolinguisticsB.psycholinguisticsC.pragmaticsD.computationallinguistics6.ThefunctionsoflanguageDOESNOTconsistof____________.A.informativeB.emotiveC.performativeD.prescriptive7.Thefactthattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaningistechnicallyknownas_______________.A.dualityB.arbitrarinessC.creativityD.displacement8._________madetheimportantdistinctionbetweenlangueandparole.A.SaussureB.MalinowskyC.HallidayD.Chomsky9.Whatkindoffunctiondoesthesentence“Howdoyoudo?”have?A.InformativeB.EmotiveC.RecreationalDPhaticcommunion10.Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesforcorrectlinguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe______________.A.prescriptiveB.sociolinguisticC.psycholinguisticDdescriptive11.Theterm___________maybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangesovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchroniclinguisticsB.comparativelinguisticsC.diachroniclinguisticsD.appliedlinguistics12.TheChinesephrase“茶，上茶，上好茶；坐，请坐，请上座”isanexampleof_____________ofhumanlanguage.A.phaticcommunionB.emotivefunctionC.interpersonalfunctionD.metalingualfunction13.Whichofthefollowingisthemajorroleplayedbyhumanlanguage?A.Emotive.B.Interpersonal.C.Performative.D.Informative.14.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled____________.A.displacementB.dualityC.flexibilityD.culturaltransmission15.Unlikeanimalcommunicationsystems,humanlanguageis.A.stimulusfreeB.stimulusboundC.underimmediatestimuluscontrolD.stimulatedbysomeoccurrenceofcommunalinterest16.Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreeCentigrade”is.2A.interrogativeB.directiveC.informativeD.performative17.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman______.A.contactB.communicationC.relationD.community18.______doesnotstudymeaninginisolation,butincontext.A.PragmaticsB.SemanticsC.SenserelationD.Concept19._______isthefirstandforemoststrikingfeatureofhumanlanguage.A.DualityB.ArbitrarinessC.CreativityD.Displacement20.Saussuretooka(n)__________viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.A.sociological…psychologicalB.applied…pragmaticC.psychological…sociologicalD.semantic…linguistic21.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas_________.A.primaryB.correctC.secondaryD.stable22.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_________andmeanings.A.senseB.soundsC.objectsD.ideas23.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis_________.A.arbitraryB.non-arbitraryC.logicalD.non-productive24.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.A.inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowritingB.speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.C.speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongueD.Alloftheabove25.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.A.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.Language26.“IcanrefertoConfuciuseventhoughhewasdead2,000yearsago.”Thisshowsthatlanguagehasthedesignfeatureof_____.A.arbitrarinessB.creativityC.dualityD.displacement27.“Don’tendasentencewithapreposition.”Thisisanexampleof____rules.A.prescriptiveB.descriptiveC.transformationalD.functional28.InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosaysuisuipingan(everyyearbesafeandhappy),whatthefunctionofthisidiomamongthefunctionsoflanguage?A.InformativeB.InterpersonalC.PerformativeD.PhaticFillineachblankbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:1.Languageexistsintimeandchangesthroughtime.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeiscalledas_____________studyoflanguage.2.L____________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.3.Inmodernlinguistics,s________studyseemstoenjoypriorityoverd_______study.Thereasonisthatsuccessfulstudiesofvariousstatesofalanguagewouldbethefoundationsofahistoricalstudy.4.Chomskydefines“competence“astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.5.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeanin