动词不定式的用法归纳

动词不定式的基本用法归纳不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾补、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用1不定式作主语(subject)Toseeistobelieve.Tokeepsmilingishealthyforyou.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数形式。•Earlytoriseandearlytobedisagoodhabit．•Whenandwheretoholdthepartyhasn’tbeendecided.•Whentoholdthepartyandwheretoholdtheparty_________beendecided.haven’t2.作宾语1)．不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如want,decide,intend,expect,learn,manage,plan,promise,refuse,threaten,fail,wish,hope,pretend,choose等等。Imeantogothereatonce.Ihopetofinishtheworkintime.IplantogotoBeijingthissummer.2).不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find(feel,think,believe,consider,etc)+it+形容词/名词+todosth”。Ithinkitourdutytoobeythelaws.Ifounditdifficulttoseehimhere.3)不定式用在介词but,except,后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Thereisnothingtodobutwait.(3).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.3．作表语不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示解释或表将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job.Toteachistolearn.Myjobistohelpthepatient.Myambitionistobecomeateacher.Theoldmanseemstobesick.【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）有实意动词do时，作表语的动词不定式省略to。AllIwanttodonowisfillmystomach.4．作宾语补足语•Heaskedmetogowithhim.•Hedidn’tallowmetogooutalone.【注意】在感官动词（see,hear,feel,listento,notice,watch,observe等）和使役动词let,have，make后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带to。•Isawhimplayinthepark.•→Hewasseentoplayinthepark.•Thebossmadethosemenworkdayandnight.•→Thosemenweremadetoworkdayandnight.•Iheardhersingtoday．•→Shewasheardtosingtoday．1.something,anything,nothing,everything,noone等不定代词或名词后常用不定式做后置定语。e.g.Ihavesomethingtosay.Heisnotamantotelllies.Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.※(5).定语与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如不定式是不及物动词，则需加介词。Canyougivesomepaperto_________(write)?Ihavenojewelryto_________(wear).Heislookingforaroomto____________(live).Heneedsafriendto__________(play).Therearethreepairsofshoesforyouto_________(choose).writeonwearliveinplaywithchoosefrom动宾关系主谓关系同位关系2.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg:Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.6.作状语不定式作状语时，可表示目的，原因，结果或条件。如;不定式作目的状语时，常可与to,inorderto,soasto连用。Icameheretoseeyou.（目的）Hegotupearlysoasnottobelate.不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.。不定式作结果状语常用如下句型Theroomisbigenoughtoholdus.Itissuchabigroomastoholdus.Heissokindastohelpus.such+（形容词）名词+astodosthso+形容词/副词+astodosthHehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.（结果）Heistoooldtoliftthebox.3.表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.(4).独立结构作状语•tobefrank,•tobehonest(withyou),•tomakethingsworse,Totell(you)thetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.类似的结构(8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.Myquestioniswhentostart.注意：•在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whynothavearest?(9)不定式的省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.e.g.:---Wouldyouliketogowithme?---Yes,I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.(3)—Ididn’ttellhimthenews.—Oh,yououghttohave(toldhimthenews).e.g.:---Wouldyouliketobeateacher?---Yes,I’dliketobe.1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.Identifyitsfunction.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想4.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.(adverbial)(adverbial)(objectcomplement)1.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen____,butI’mgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.(2004辽宁）A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheardQuizIIMultipleChoice2.Thiscompanywasthefirst_____portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordsintheworld.(2005上海春）A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.produced3.____thiscake,you’llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.(2006广东）A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making4.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_____.(2008全国卷)A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed5.–Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?–Yes.But__it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.(2008北京卷)A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.findingPassage1.1.filled2.company(keepsbcompany)3.myself4.whether5.coming6.that/which7.With8.saw9.the10.completelyPassage2.1.like2.them3.before4.arebeingpolluted5.wonder6.and7.an8.strictest9.totake10.that/whichPassage3.1.crowded2.But3.an4.eating5.who/that6.going.Besides/Moreover8.comments9.recommended10.whateverPassage4.1.It2.viewers3.to4.But5.which6.performed7.the8.highlighting9.excited10.Though/AlthoughPassage5.1.lost2.a3.must4.that/which5.because6.worse7.tostay8.in/with9.saying10.wererescuedPassage6.1.grew2.As3.called4.successful5.how6