选修八第三单元知识点

Unit3InventorsandInventionsLanguagePointsInReadinggothrough1)经历e.g.Mostfamilieswentthroughalotinthewar.1.Doyouknowthestageseveryinventormustgothroughbeforetheycanhavetheirinventionapproved?(P19)2)通过,成功,成交e.g.Theplandidnotgothrough.3)审阅,检查e.g.Ican’tgothoughthelettersinanhour.4)翻找,查看e.g.Motherwentthroughthedrawerforherglasses.5)穿过,通过e.g.Aterriblenoisewentthroughthehouse.readthroughlookthroughflowthroughgetthroughsearchthrough通读浏览流过通过,接通,使……成功搜寻,查找2.doresearchon/into/in...(P19)从事,进行,做研究research可作可数名词和不可数名词,有自己的单复数形式。短语doresearch中research为___________。e.g.Theyarecarryingoutaresearchintothecausesofcancer.不可数名词3.WhenIcallupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.(P20L1)callup打电话，使......回忆起e.g.I’llcallyouuptonight.(callsb./ringsb.up)Theoldphotocallsupmemoriesofmychildhood.(recallsth.)callfor需要,要求callback回电话，召唤某人回来callin邀请,请...来calloff取消；停止callon/at拜访(callon后跟___作宾语，callat后跟____名词作宾语)人地点callatdropinatpayavisittogoonavisittovisit拜访某地+sp.拜访某人+sb.callondropinonpayavisittogoonavisittovisit选用以上短语的适当形式填空。1.They________theirplanforapicnicbecauseofthebadweather.2.Ihopeto_______youatyourofficeatthreeo’clocktoday.3.Thephotos_________memoriesofmystudyinBeijing.calledoffcalloncalledup4.“Snakescomenearthehousenowandthen,…”(P20L4)nowandthen有时,偶尔fromtimetotime有时;不时(every)nowandagain时而;不时fromnowon从现在开始,今后justnow刚才sincethen从那时以来5.Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.(P20L7)这回我有机会表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既能捉住蛇，又不会伤害它们。distinguishv.辨别,区别e.g.Canyoudistinguishbetweenthosetwoobjects?你能区分那两个物体吗？Childrenshouldbetaughttodistinguishrightfromwrong.应当教育孩子分辨好坏。distinguish…from把…...与……分开=distinguishbetween…and…distinguishoneself显扬自己,使自己扬名e.g.He’sdistinguishedhimselfasateacher.作为老师，他早已负有盛名。Themandistinguishhimselfbyhiswisdom.这个人因智慧而扬名。distinctionn.区别,差异distinctiveadj.有特色的,与众不同的distinctadj.截然不同的distinguishableadj.区别得出的,辨认得出的tellthedifferencesbetween…and…=tell…from…把......与......区分开6.Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.(P20L12)1）setabout“开始，着手”，setabout(doing)sth.拓展：setaside为……节省或保留（钱或时间）；将…放在一边；留出,对…不予以考虑setouttodosth.开始做某事setout(for)出发,启程setoff(for)=leavefor出发,动身;使爆炸setdown记下,写下;登记setup设置,造成,产生2)habit:outofhabit出于习惯beinthehabit有…...的习惯breakthehabit改掉…...的习惯develop/formthehabitof养成…...习惯7.Butmonitoredcarefully,thesnakesprovedtobenotroubleandallwentaccordingtotheplan.(P21L38)但是经过仔细监视，证明这些蛇不会惹麻烦，一切都按计划进行着。monitor(vt.)1)利用监听器或监视器来监听、收听、收视重要内容，如有关军事、政治或非法活动的内容。如：Theyhavebeenmonitoringtheenemy’sradiobroadcaststotrytofindouttheirsecretplans.他们一直在监听敌方的电台广播，设法查探他们的秘密计划。2)密切监听，监督。如：Theteacherismonitoringanexamination.老师在监考。prove1)(vt.)证明，证实Hehasprovedhiscourageinbattles.他已在战斗中证明了自己的勇气。Factsprovethatthecreativepowerofpeopleknowsnolimits.事实证明人民的创造力是无穷的。2)原来是，证明是Themethod/drugprovedhighlyeffective.这个方法被证明是非常有效的。Myadviceprovedtobewrong.我的意见被证实是错的。1.ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme,butthereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.(P20L11)[分析]a.本句是一个由but连接的并列句。b.第一个分句中，Idid是省略了关系代词that的________；在if引导的宾语从句中又有个由that引导的定语从句，修饰________。c.第二个分句中，designedto...是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰________。定语从句powdersproductsFivepeoplewonthe“China’sGreenFigure”award,atitle________toordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.A.beinggivenB.isgivenC.givenD.wasgiven[点拨]由逗号之前是一个完整的句子和逗号之后无连接词可知,逗号后面不是一个句子,排除B、D;而give与atitle之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故选C。2.Betweentheoutsideandtheinsidewallsofthebowlthereissomejelly,whichfreezeswhencooled.[分析]a.本句的主干是：thereissomejelly。b.which引导非限制性定语从句，其中which指代先行词_____,并在从句中作主语。jellyc.whencooled是“连词+分词”形式，是一种省略，完整的表达是_______________。英语中，如果状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同，谓语动词是be时，则常可省略成“连词+分词”形式。“连词+动词-ing形式”表示主动；“连词+过去分词”表示被动。whenitiscooled3.Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.只有你得到这种承认,你才能说你是真正的一个发明家。only修饰状语置于句首，主句需用倒装语序。e.g.Onlybyworkinghardcanwepasstheexams.4.Norwillyoureceiveapatentuntilasearchhasmadetofindoutthatyourproductreallyisdifferentfromeveryoneelse’s.你的产品要经过仔细调查,证明它确实与众不同,你才能获得专利。a.本句的主句Norwillyoureceiveapatent是个倒装句，nor位于句首时，句子用倒装。b.从句是until引导的_____________。c.时间状语从句中包含一个由that引导的宾语从句，作________的宾语。时间状语从句findout如果你决定不参加会议，我也不参加。________________________________________________________________Ifyoudecidenottoattendthemeeting,norwillI.5.Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.[分析]a.本句的主句是Thecriteriaaresostrict,从句是that引导的_____________。b.从句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是______________________;该从句中还有一个由unless引导的条件状语从句。togetnewideasaccepted结果状语从句6.InJapanscientistshavemanagedtoproducepigsthathaveaplantgeneinsertedintotheirDNA.[考点]insertedintotheirDNA是过去分词短语作___________。宾语补足语JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish_______inashortperiod.A.improvedB.improvingC.toimproveD.improve[点拨]improve与herwrittenEnglish之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，要用过去分词作宾语补足语。UsinglanguageLanguagePoints1.Hebelievedthatoneshouldalwaysbecuriousandhismostfamoussayingwas:“Leavethebeatentrackoccasionallyanddiveintothewoods.Everytimeyoudoyouwillbecertaintofindsomethingthatyouhaveneverseenbefore.Languagestudy