2004年考研英语试题及答案

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories大21家ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior大22家theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough大23家withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin大24家totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus,大25家asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies,大26家thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes大27家lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretentativeandare大28家tocriticism.Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly大29家juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythat大30家tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment大31家makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin大32家leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.Familieshavealso大33家changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;大34家,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome大35家wascommoninthetraditionalfamily大36家.Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other大37家causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreased大38家ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing大39家ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,大40家adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.21.[A]acting[B]relying[C]centering[D]commenting22.[A]before[B]unless[C]until[D]because23.[A]interaction[B]assimilation[C]cooperation[D]consultation24.[A]return[B]reply[C]reference[D]response25.[A]or[B]butrather[C]but[D]orelse26.[A]considering[B]ignoring[C]highlighting[D]discarding27.[A]on[B]in[C]for[D]with28.[A]immune[B]resistant[C]sensitive[D]subject29.[A]affect[B]reduce[C]check[D]reflect30.[A]point[B]lead[C]come[D]amount31.[A]ingeneral[B]onaverage[C]bycontrast[D]atlength32.[A]case[B]short[C]turn[D]essence33.[A]survived[B]noticed[C]undertaken[D]experienced34.[A]contrarily[B]consequently[C]similarly[D]simultaneously35.[A]than[B]that[C]which[D]as36.[A]system[B]structure[C]concept[D]heritage37.[A]assessable[B]identifiable[C]negligible[D]incredible38.[A]expense[B]restriction[C]allocation[D]availability39.[A]incidence[B]awareness[C]exposure[D]popularity40.[A]provided[B]since[C]although[D]supposingSectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Huntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder,ajobdatabaseontheInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite’s“personalsearchagent.”It’saninteractivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocation,title,andsalary,thenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.Redmonchosethekeywordslegal,intellectualproperty,andWashington,D.C.Threeweekslater,hegothisfirstnotificationofanopening.“Istruckgold,”saysRedmon,whoE-mailedhisresumetotheemployerandwonapositionasin-housecounselforacompany.Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternet,findingpromisingopeningscanbetime-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmon,careerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyourcriteria,forexample,mayworkagainstyou:“Everytimeyouansweraquestionyoueliminateapossibility.”saysoneexpert.Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept—whatyouthinkyouwanttodo--thenbroadenit.“Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,”saysanotherexpert.“There’snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.”Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.“Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,”saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite’sagentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsservice,forexample,itincludesonlythreepotentialjobs--thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybemorematchesinthedatabase;jobhunterswillhavetovisitthesiteagaintofindthem--andtheydo.“Onthedayafterwesendourmessages,weseeasharpincreaseinourtraffic,”saysSethPeets,vicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite.Eventhosewhoaren’thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.Althoughhappilyemployed,RedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder.“Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen,”hesays.Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou.41.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?[A]Bysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase.[B]Bypostingamatchin