中考英语语法思维导图之定语从句

中考英语定语从句精讲定语从句结构图解定语从句引导词特殊情况注意事项先行词是人，用who先行词非人，用which宾格whom用that不用which的条件用which不用that的条件无引导词：先行词在定从中作宾语，引导词可省略先行词在定从中作主语，定从谓动单复数由先行词决定oneof+复数名词，作先行词，谓动用复数the(only)oneof,thevery/right+复数名词，作先行词，谓动用单数作定语的句子，即“…的”可以作名词或代词的定语万能钥匙that定语形容词介词短语非谓语动词短语前置Ihaveagoodfriend.后置Iwanttodosomethinginteresting.后置Theboyinwhiteismyfriend.后置Idon’thaveahousetolivein.修饰名词或代词的成分常译为“…的”句子后置IlikestudentswholikeEnglish.人主who关系代词引导词人宾whom物主/宾which人/物主/宾that人/物定whose=ofwhom人=ofwhich物时间状when=inwhich/onwhich=atwhich关系副词地点状where=inwhich/atwhich原因状why=forwhich引导词用that，不用which的条件①先行词前有最高级修饰；或先行词就是最高级；②先行词前有序数词修饰；或先行词就是序数词；③先行词前有theonly,theright,thelast,just,thesame,thevery等词修饰；④先行词是不定代词all,everything,one等词；或先行词前有不定代词修饰时；⑤先行词中既有人又有物；⑥主句是which或who引导的特殊疑问句；⑦Therebe句型中引导词用which，不用that的条件①引导词前有介词，如：inwhich;onwhich;withwhom②先行词是that,those不用that的条件介词后用whom，which，不用that（三年经典）2011-2013全国各地中考英语试题精选：定语从句【2011广西百色】34.Thepolicemancaughtthethief______hasstolenMr.Li’scomputer.A.whichB.whoseC.whomD.who答案：D【解析】考查定语从句的引导词，which用于指事儿；whose“谁的”；whom“谁”是宾格；who“谁”，是主格，先行词指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，所以要用主作格。(2011桂林）37.Thebasketball________Iboughtyesterdaycostme80yuan.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.when37.答案：A【解析】连词的用法。定语从句的连接词根据先行词来判断，先行词为人时用who或that，先行词为物时用which或that.此题中先行词basketball为物因此用that，故选A。【河北省2011】43.Theteacherscameforavisitareforeigners.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。who指代人，在从句做主语和宾语；whom指代人，在从句做宾语；whose指代谁的，在从句做定语；which指代物，在从句做主语和宾语。此处修饰先行词是“人”而且在从句中作主语，用who引导。故选A。【2011•河南省】32.Tony,tellmetheresultofthediscussion_____youhadwithyourdadyesterday.a.whatB.whichC.whenD.who32.答案：考查定语从句。该句的先行词为thediscussion，故用which做关系代词，在从句中做宾语。语意：…告诉我你和你父亲讨论的结果。注意：what不是关系词；when做关系副词在从句中做时间状语；who做关系代词时，先行词必须是人。【2011黑龙江绥化市】（）18.Thisisthecamera______myunclegavemeformybirthday.A.whichB.whoC.what答案：A【解析】本题考查定语从句。句中先行词是名词camera，故用that或which。【2011广西南宁市】31.Mygrandparentsliketoliveinahouse_______isnotverybigbutbrightandcomfortable.A.thatB.whoC.whatD.whose31.答案：A【解析】考查定语从句。定语从句的连接词根据先行词来判断，先行词为人时用who或that，先行词为物时用which或that.此题中先行词house为物因此用that，故选A。【2011贵州贵阳】41.MarySmithsaysshelikestohavefriends_________aredifferentfromher.A.whoseB.whichC.who答案：C【解析】这里考查的是定语从句，先行词是人，故排除B，同时又在从句中作主语，故应用who。【2011湖南湘西】24.Doyouknowthegirl_________issingingintheclassroom?A.whenB.whoC.which答案：B【解析】考查定语从句的引导词定语从句修饰人时用that和who，这里只能选B.(2011湖南岳阳中考)30.Ican’tforgetthetimetheearthquakehappenedinYushu.A.whenB.whichC.where解析：本题考查定语从句。thetime表时间，故答案选A。【2011山东滨州】33.Ihatepeople_________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.where答案：A【解析】考查定语从句的用法。由先行词people决定定语从句的引导词指人，并且作主语，因此排除B，D。whose“谁的”，用作定语，故选A。【浙江湖州】21.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Ilikethemovies____areaboutChinesehistory.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.that答案：D【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意：－你喜欢哪种电影？－我喜欢关于中国历史的影片。先行词themovies为物，要用指物的关系代词that。排除其他选项。故选D。【2011浙江衢州】23.Thephotossuccessfullyshowtherichculture______makesBeijingsofamous.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.why答案：B【解析】定语从句。定语从句修饰therichculture,先行词是物，用which。【2011•四川成都】34.Theoldmanaskedthegirltotakeanotherseathewantedtositnexttohiswife.A.becauseB.sothatC.so答案：B【解析】考查连词及状语从句。由句意知:那位老人让那个女孩坐另一座位的“目的”就是想坐到妻子旁边。故用sothat（以便）引导目的状语从句。【2011•四川成都】42.KatewassogladshereceivedaChristmasgiftfromhisgrandparentsawayinThailand.A.thatB.whenC.if答案：B【解析】考查连词及状语从句。句意：Kate收到她远在泰国的祖父母的礼物时，是那么的高兴。注意:不要误认为是“so...that”引导的结果状语从句。因为后面从句不是前面主句的结果。【2011四川绵阳】14.Thegirlcatchestheflowersonaweddingwillbethenexttogetmarried.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose答案：C【解析】考查定语从句的用法。Whom指人，作从句的宾语；which指物，作从句的主语或宾语；who指人，作从句的主语或宾语；whose即指人也指物，作从句的定语，后跟名词。根据动词“catches”可推断关系词作从句的主语，而“thegirl”指人，故选C。12.【2011•扬州】OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhou________areoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake.A.whatB.whoC.thatD./答案：C【解析】定语从句。根据句意：被外国旅游者参观的最著名的地方是西湖。Areoftenvisitedbyforeigners修饰先行词places。【2011湖北黄冈】38.—Whoisyournewheadteacherthissemester?—Thewoman_______iswearingaredskirt.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which答案：B【解析】关系代词的用法。本题先行词“thewoman”为“人”，故选择关系代词who。【2011•铜仁】32.LiMeiisthestudent_________handwritingisthebestinourclass.A.whoseB.whomC.whoD.that答案：A【解析】定语从句的用法。who作主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。whose用来指人或物，只用作定语。由handwriting可推断关系代词做定语，故选A。【2011呼和浩特】10.----IsthereanyoneherenameisBetty?----Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose【答案】D【解析】定语从句的考察先行词anyone是人，在定语从句中做name的定语，所以应用关系代词whose。【2011四川达州】24.—Wheredidyougolastweek?—IwenttoZhangAiping’shometownandvisitedthehousehewasbornin.答案：A【解析】本题考查定语从句的用法。根据上下文语境语意：-上个星期你去哪了？-我去了张爱萍的家乡，参观了她出生的地方。先行词“that”修饰“house”，故本题选A。【2011•四川南充】26.Isthattheman_______helpedusalotaftertheearthquake?A.whichB.whoC.whom答案：B【解析】考查定语从句及关系代词用法辨析。句中先行词为theman,又因为关系词需要做helped的主语，故选who。注意：用which时，先行词只能是物；而whom只能做宾语。（2011四川资阳）20.—IhearthatLily’sbrotherisaworkerhere.—Look,theman_________isworkingoverthereisherbrother.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which答案：A【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。who“代替人”作主语或者宾语；whom“代替人”作宾语；what不用于宾语从句；which“代替物”作主语或者宾语；先行词为人，在从句中作主语。故选A。【2011天津】44.Johnistheboy_____legswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which答案：A【解析】定语从句。先行词是人排除D，根据句意：谁的腿，用Whose。【2011清远】33.Haveyoureadthebook_____isaboutthemoon?A.whatB.itC./D.which答案D【解析】考查定语从句引导词。前置语为thebook名词，用