英国政治体制君主立宪制英文介绍

PoliticalSystemofUK英语1204章君婷outline1.Constitution2.Monarchy3.Parliament4.Government5.PoliticalPartiesGovernmentofUnitedKingdomFormofgovernmentConstitutionalMonarchyHeadofstateMonarchHeadofgovernmentPrimeMinisterBicameralLegislatureLegislatureHouseofCommons,651membersHouseoflords,1100membersVotingqualificationsuniversalatage18Constitutionunwritten,partlystatutes,commonlawandpracticeHighestcourtHouseoflordshighcourtofjusticiary1.ConstitutionalMonarchyMonarchy:akingorqueenservesastheheadofstate.Constitutionalmonarchy:aformofgovernmentinwhichamonarchactsasheadofstatewithintheparametersofawrittenorunwrittenconstitution.1.thepowerofmonarchislimitedbytheconsititution2.thelegalauthorityisgiventothegovernment3.theexecutiveauthoritytothegovernment4.thesovereignreigns,butdoesnotrule.ContemporaryconstitutionalmonarchiesincludeAustralia,Belgium,Cambodia,Canada,Denmark,Japan,Luxembourg,Malaysia,TheNetherlands,Norway,Spain,Sweden,ThailandandtheUnitedKingdom.目前世界上的君主立宪制国家有：欧洲：英国、挪威、瑞典、丹麦、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡、西班牙、安道尔、摩纳哥、列支敦士登亚洲：日本、柬埔寨、泰国、马来西亚、尼泊尔非洲：毛里求斯美洲：加拿大、巴哈马、安提瓜和巴布达、巴巴多斯、伯利兹、圣克里斯多福与尼维斯、圣卢西亚、圣文森特和格林纳丁斯、牙买加大洋洲：澳大利亚、新西兰、巴布亚新几内亚、图瓦卢、所罗门群岛课外知识链接TheConstitutionBritaindoesn’thaveaconstitutionwrittendowninasingledocument.Theconstitutionflowsfrom(出自)6sources:1)TheRoyalPrerogatives皇家特权2)*StatuteLaws成文法3)*CommonLaws普通法,判例法4)*Conventions习惯法5)AuthoritativeOpinions权威意见6)EuropeanUnionLaws欧盟法2.TheMonarchsymbolofthewholenationheadoftheexecutiveanintegralpartofthelegislatureRepresentsthepoliticalcontinuityandadaptabilityheadofthejudiciarythecommander-in-chiefofallthearmedforcesShegivesRoyalAssenttoBillspassedbyparliamentTIP:HereditaryNow:queenElizabethIIElizabethII----thesupremegovernoroftheChurchofEngland3.BritishParliamentthecentreofthepoliticalsystemintheUKthesupremelegislativebodyTheGovernmentisdrawnfromandanswerabletoitParliament=Legislature(立法机关)Fouctions2.Itprovidesthemeansofcarryingontheworkofgovernmentbyvotingfortaxation.1.itpasseslaws.3.Itscrutinizes(审查)governmentpolicy,administrateandexpenditureanddebatethemajorissuesoftheday.consistsof:TheHouseofcommonsTheHouseofLordsTheHouseofLords(theUpperHouse)1.Composition:About1,100hereditaryandlifepeers2.Thespeaker:AppiontedbythesovereignonadviceofPrimeMinister3.Thequalification:noparliamentarysalary4.Functions:TorevisebillsfromtheHouseofCommonsasthesupremecourtofjusticeandthehighestcourtappealforcriminal,civilcasesfromthelowercourtsHearappeals(上诉)inthehighestCourtofAppeal(最高上诉法院)inBritain1.TheLordsSpiritual(神职贵族)2.TheLordsTemporal(世俗贵族)b.LifePeers(当世贵族)c.HereditaryPeers(世袭贵族)a.LawLords(司法议员)TheHouseofcommons(theLowerHouse)1.Composition:651MPs(Membersofparliament)2.Thespeaker:electionbyBritiancitizens3.Tenure:5years1）atleast18yearsold4.Thequalification:2）nomembersoftheupperhouse5.Functions1)Makelaws2)Controlandcriticizetheexecutivegovernment3)ControltheraisingandspendingofmoneyHouseofLordsRedChamber红厅HouseofcommonsGreenChamber绿厅Doyouknow?在地板中央有两排相距2.5米的红线,传说是为了正好超过两柄剑的长度。历史上，此举是为了避免下院的辩论演变为冲突。今天在下院辩发言时两方议员不得超越该线。若有议员在发言时越过该线，将会遭到对方的斥责。这可能也是英文用语“totoetheline”（循规蹈矩）的出处。有趣的是，下院议事厅只有427个坐位，但议员总数却合共651人，并不能安置所有议员。因此，如果有议员迟到，而议事厅又满座的话，那他就只好站在议事厅的入口处，继续参与会议。FrontbencherBackbenchersceptertoetheline”（循规蹈矩）的出处4.BritishGovernmentPrimeMinisterMinisters(Headsofallimportantdepartments)Treasury财政部MinistryofDefense国防MinistryofAgricultureForeignandCommonwealthOffice外交联邦部DepartmentofEducationandScienceDepartmentofHealthandSocialSecuritya.ThePrimeMinister1.WinsthemajorityofseatsintheHouseofCommons2.Headofthegovernment3.Leaderofhisparty4.Hehastherighttoselecthiscabinet,handoutdepartmentalpositions,decidetheagenda(议事日程)forcabinetmeetingswhichhealsochairs.5.Hedirectsandcontrolspolicyforthegovernment.6.HekeepstheQueeninformedofgovernmentdecisions.(weeklymeetingwiththeQueen)b.TheBasicStructureofBritainGovernmentMonarch(non-political)Judiciary(non-political)HouseofLords(semi-political)CourtofAppealHouseofCommons(political)MinistersCivilservice(non-political)PrimeMinisterCabinet(political)HouseofLordsLegislature---ParliamentExecutiveCurrentlyPrimeMinisterofBritain中文名：戴维·威廉·唐纳德·卡梅伦外文名：DavidWilliamDonaldCameron出生日期：1966年10月9日出生地：英国伦敦毕业院校：?国籍：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(theUnitedKingdom)职业：英国首相信仰:英国国教(Anglicanism)(TheChurchofEnglandunderstandsitselftobebothCatholicandReformed).伊顿公学、牛津大学c.TheCabinet1.Composition:ThePrimeMinisterand22CabinetMinistersusually2.Thespeaker:theForeignSecretarytheChancelloroftheExchequer(财政大臣)3.Features:a.Thecabinetanditscommitteesworkinsecrecyb.CabinetmeetsweeklyatNo.10DowningStreetc.AppointedbytheQueenwiththeadviceofthePM4.Functions:1)Tomakefinaldecisionsonthepolicypresenttotheparliament2)ToexercisetheultimateexecutivepowerontheParliamentarypolicy3)TodivideandadjustpowersamongtheadministrativedepartmentsThecollectivedecision-makingbody(集权机构)TheOppositionshavea‘ShadowCabinet’:criticizetheGovernment’spolicy;exposeitsweakpoints;suggestamendments（修正案）;drawattentiontoothermatterstheGovernmentmightotherwiseignore.d.‘ShadowCabinet’ThePrimeMinister:presidesovertheCabinet;informsthe