paraphrase-1

Citation1)Summary2)Paraphrase3)Directquotation4)Acombinationofthesemethods1)SummaryWhenyousummarizeyoucondenseanextendedideaorargumentintoasentenceormoreinyourownwords.1)SummarySummaryismostusefulwhenyouwanttorecordthegist(thecentralidea)ofanauthor’sideawithoutthebackgroundorsupportingevidence.Example:Original(28words):ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesTimeandNewsweek,andsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.Summary(14words):Shebroughthomealotofbooksandmagazinestoreadduringthevacation.2)ParaphrasingParaphrasing,similartosummarizing,isrestatingothers’ideasinyourownwordswithoutalteringthemeaningorprovidinginterpretation.hasapproximatelythesamenumberofwords;mustbeattributedtotheoriginalsourcewithanin-textcitation.Stepsforparaphrasing1)Selectashortpassage(aboutonetofoursentences)thatsupportsanideainyourpaper.2)Readthepassagecarefullytofullyunderstandit.3)Takenotesaboutthemainideaandsupportingpointsyouthinkyoushouldincludeintheparaphrase,includingkeywordsandtermsusedbytheauthor.4)Usingonlyyournotestowriteaparaphrase.5)Rereadtheoriginalsource.Isthereimportantinformationthatyouhaveforgottenorwritteninaccurately?Isyourparaphrasetoosimilartotheoriginalsource?Ifso,reviseyourparagraph.6)Addin-textcitation(checktherequiredformattingstyle).MethodsofParaphrasing1.usedifferentvocabularywiththesamemeaning1)usesynonyms2)givedefinitions2.usedifferentgrammar3.usedifferentstructure1)changesentenceorder2)combinesentences3)splitsentencesTasksforparaphrasingTask1useasynonymofawordorphrase1a.Studiesshowedthattheywerebornwithsomethingspecial.1b.Studiesrevealedthattheyareendowedwithsomethingsuper-normal.2a.Childrenareentitledtotherighttodeveloptheircapabilitiestothefull.2b.Childrendeservetherighttolearntothelimitsoftheircapacity.3a.Thepresentsituationsmakeushavethereasontobeoptimistic.3b.Thepresentsituationsjustifytheoptimism.4a.Despitethis,manycentralcityareashavelosttheirpopulation.4b.Despitethis,manyinnercitieshaveexperiencedadecreaseinpopulation.Task2changetheorderofinformation1a.Obviously,differentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsmentalillness.1b.Obviously,attitudestowardsmentalillnessvaryfrompersontoperson.2a.Cognitivedevelopmentdependsonthechildren’sculture.2b.Thechildren’scultureaffectstheircognitivedevelopment.3a.Asuccessfulcareertendstocostsomewomenahappymarriage.3b.Somewomenachievesuccessintheircareerattheexpenseofmaritalhappiness.4a.Technologyhassignificantlytransformededucationatseveralmajorturningpointsinourhistory.4b.Historyhasdemonstratedthattechnologyaffectseducationprofoundly.Task3changefromtheactivetothepassiveorviceversa1a.However,onecanhardlycontrolthemediausedtogenerateinformation.1b.However,verylittlecontrolcanbeexercisedoverthemediausedtogenerateinformation.2a.Thestudyshowsthatfrequentparentalpraisehasagreatinfluenceonone’slife.2b.Thestudyindicatesthatone’slifeislargelyshapedbywhetherheorshereceivedfrequentparentalpraise.3a.Untilrecentlymostpeoplestillconsidereddaydreamingasawasteoftimeandasevidenceofmaladjustment.3b.Untilrecentlydaydreamingwasstillperceivedeitherasawasteoftimeorasevidenceofmaladjustment.Task4changethepositiveintothenegativeandviceversa1a.Eventhemodestlyeducatedadultcanbeupsetbysuchanexperience.1b.Nomodestlyeducatedadultcanfailtobeupsetbysuchanexperience.2a.Manyinfluencescanbetakenintoconsiderationandmanyotherfactorsaffectglobaltemperature.2b.Nosingleinfluencecanbetakeninisolationandmanyotherfactorsaffectglobaltemperature.3a.Agricultureismostlikelytobeprofoundlyaffectedbyglobalwarminginanycriticalactivity.3b.Nomorecriticalactivitystandstobeprofoundlyaffectedbyglobalwarmingthanagriculture.4a.Technologymakesitmoredifficulttoseparateourselvesfromworkandthinkingofwork.4b.Itisnoteasynowtoremoveoneself-bothphysicallyandmentally-fromworkwithtechnology.Task5changepersonalnounsintoimpersonalnounsandviceversa.1a.Menarereluctanttoretireastheyanticipatethedeprivationofmoney.1b.Reluctanceamongmentoretireisassociatedwithanticipateddeprivationofafinancialsource.2a.Ifyoucomparetwosystemscarefully,youwillfindtheformerissuperiortothelatter.2b.Carefulcomparisonoftwosystemswillshowthesuperiorityoftheformeroverthelatter.3a.Mostpeopleagreethatitisnecessaryforthegovernmenttoregulatethemoneysupply.3b.Thereisgeneralagreementthatitisnecessaryforthegovernmenttoregulatethemoneysupply.4a.Moreandmorepeopleareawareoftheinadequaciesofourjudicialsystem.4b.Therehasbeenanincreasingawarenessoftheinadequaciesofourjudicialsystem.Task6changecomplexsentencesintosimplesentencesandviceversa.1a.Thoughachildscorespoorlyinhisfirstschoolyear,itshouldbenoreflectionofhisintelligence.1b.Low-scoringchildinhisfirstschoolyearsdoesnotnecessarilymeanhehaspoorintelligence.2a.Butsomesuggestedthatwemaycutdowngovernmentspendingandraisewagesforteachers.2b.Butsomesuggestedlowergovernmentspendingandhigherwagesforteachers.3a.Toachievethegoal,weneedtoexplorenewwaysboldlyandtrytocarryoutreformscontinuously.3b.Theattainmentofthegoaldemandsbo